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12.04.2019 | leitlinien für die praxis

Rauchen, Alkohol und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)

verfasst von: Helmut Brath, Susanne Kaser, Christian Tatschl, Peter Fasching

Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift | Sonderheft 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Rauchen und Passivrauchen erhöhen Diabetesinzidenz und Wahrscheinlichkeit für Spätschäden deutlich. Rauchstopp kann zu Gewichtszunahme und erhöhtem Diabetesrisiko führen, senkt aber trotzdem kardiovaskuläre und Gesamtmortalität. Eine Basisdiagnostik (Fagerström-Test, exhalatorisches CO) ist die Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Raucherentwöhnung. An medikamentöser Unterstützung stehen Varenicline, Nikotinersatztherapie und Bupropion zur Verfügung. Sozioökonomische und psychische Faktoren spielen für Rauchen und Rauchstopp eine wichtige Rolle.
Moderater Alkoholkonsum senkt möglicherweise Diabetes- und kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Selektionsbias und falsche Angaben könnten in Studien allerdings diese Wirkungen zu optimistisch erscheinen lassen. Dem steht ein dosisabhängiges Mehr an Krankheit und gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Lebensjahren gegenüber, v. a. durch Krebs, Lebererkrankungen und Infektionen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Rauchen, Alkohol und Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019)
verfasst von
Helmut Brath
Susanne Kaser
Christian Tatschl
Peter Fasching
Publikationsdatum
12.04.2019
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe Sonderheft 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0043-5325
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1455-z