DGEM-Leitlinie Enterale Ernährung:
Wasting bei HIV und anderen chronischen Infektionskrankheiten

Literatur

• 1 Center for Disease Control and Preventing . 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults.  MMWR. 1992;  41 1-9
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Schwenk A, Kremer G, Cornely O, Diehl V, Fatkenheuer G, Salzberger B. Body weight changes with protease inhibitor treatment in undernourished HIV-infected patients.  Nutrition. 1999;  15 453-457
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Mauss S. HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome.  AIDS. 2000;  14, Suppl 3 S197-S207
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Gerard Y, Maulin L, Yazdanpanah Y. et al . Symptomatic hyperlactataemia: an emerging complication of antiretroviral therapy.  AIDS. 2000;  14 2723-2730
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Lee K. et al . Loss of lean body and muscle mass correlates with androgen levels in hypogonadal men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and wasting 4.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;  81 4051-4058
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Walli R, Herfort O, Michl G M. et al . Treatment with protease inhibitors associated with peripheral insulin resistance and impaired oral glucose tolerance in HIV-1-infected patients 5.  AIDS. 1998;  12 F167-F173
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Ott M, Fischer H, Polat H. et al . Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a predictor of survival in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection 6.  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;  9 20-25
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Palenicek J P, Graham N M, He Y D. et al . Weight loss prior to clinical AIDS as a predictor of survival. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators 7.  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;  10 366-373
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Suttmann U, Ockenga J, Selberg O, Hoogestraat L, Deicher H, Muller M J. Incidence and prognostic value of malnutrition and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients 8.  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;  8 239-246
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Süttmann U, Ockenga J, Selberg O, Hoogestraat L, Deicher H, Müller M J. Incidence an prognostic value of malnutrition and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients.  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;  8 239-246
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Schwenk A, Beisenherz A, Romer K, Kremer G, Salzberger B, Elia M. Phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis remains an independent predictive marker in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;  72 496-501
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Chlebowski R T, Beall G, Grosvenor M. et al . Long-term effects of early nutritional support with new enterotropic peptide-based formula vs. standard enteral formula in HIV-infected patients: randomized prospective trial.  Nutrition. 1993;  9 507-512
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Berneis K, Battegay M, Bassetti S. et al . Nutritional supplements combined with dietary counselling diminish whole body protein catabolism in HIV-infected patients.  Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;  30 87-94
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Pichard C, Sudre P, Karsegard V. et al . A randomized double-blind controlled study of 6 months of oral nutritional supplementation with arginine and omega-3 fatty acids in HIV-infected patients. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.  AIDS. 1998;  12 53-63
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Suttmann U, Ockenga J, Schneider H. et al . Weight gain and increased concentrations of receptor proteins for tumor necrosis factor after patients with symptomatic HIV infection received fortified nutrition support.  J Am Diet Assoc . 1996;  96 565-569
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Askari H. et al . Effects of androgen administration in men with the AIDS wasting syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.  Ann Intern Med. 1998;  129 18-26
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Kotler D P, Tierney A R, Ferraro R. et al . Enteral alimentation and repletion of body cell mass in malnourished patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;  53 149-154
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Cappell M S, Godil A. A multicenter case-controlled study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in HIV-seropositive patients.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;  88 2059-2066
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Brantsma A, Kelson K, Malcom J. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in HIV disease.  Aust J Adv Nurs. 1991;  8 36-41
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Dowling S, Kane D, Chua A. et al . An evaluation of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in AIDS.  Int J STD AIDS. 1996;  7 106-109
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Süttmann U, Selberg O, Müller M J. Home enteral nutrition in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.  Clin Nutr. 1993;  12 287-292
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Burger B, Schwenk A, Junger H. et al . Oral supplements in HIV-infected patients with chronic wasting. A prospective trial.  Med Klin. 1994;  89 579-581, 633
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Ockenga J, Suttmann U, Selberg O. et al . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in AIDS and control patients: risks and outcome.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;  91 1817-1822
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Selberg O, Suttmann U, Melzer A. et al . Effect of increased protein intake and nutritional status on whole-body protein metabolism of AIDS patients with weight loss.  Metabolism. 1995;  44 1159-1165
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 Schwenk A, Steuck H, Kremer G. Oral supplements as adjunctive treatment to nutritional counseling in malnourished HIV-infected patients: randomized controlled trial.  Clin Nutr. 1999;  18 371-374
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Rabeneck L, Palmer A, Knowles J B. et al . A randomized controlled trial evaluating nutrition counseling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished HIV-infected patients.  J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;  98 434-438
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Macallan D C, Noble C, Baldwin C. et al . Energy expenditure and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus infection.  N Engl J Med. 1995;  333 83-88
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Kotler D P, Fogleman L, Tierney A R. Comparison of total parenteral nutrition and an oral, semielemental diet on body composition, physical function, and nutrition-related costs in patients with malabsorption due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998;  22 120-126
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Wanke C A, Pleskow D, Degirolami P C, Lambl B B, Merkel K, Akrabawi S. A medium chain triglyceride-based diet in patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea reduces diarrhea and malabsorption: a prospective, controlled trial.  Nutrition. 1996;  12 766-771
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Miller K. et al . Body composition and endocrine function in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;  82 1332-1337
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Miller K, Corcoran C, Armstrong C. et al . Transdermal testosterone administration in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting: a pilot study.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;  83 2717-2725
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Grunfeld C. et al . Recombinant human growth hormone in patients with HIV-associated wasting. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Serostim Study Group.  Ann Intern Med. 1996;  125 873-882
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 33 Gold J, High H A, Li Y. et al . Safety and efficacy of nandrolone decanoate for treatment of wasting in patients with HIV infection.  AIDS. 1996;  10 745-752
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 34 Oster M H, Enders S R, Samuels S J. et al . Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS and cachexia.  Ann Intern Med. 1994;  121 400-408
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 35 Von Roenn J H, Armstrong D, Kotler D P. et al . Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS-related cachexia.  Ann Intern Med. 1994;  121 393-399
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Beal J E, Olson R, Laubenstein L. et al . Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS.  J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995;  10 89-97
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Clark R H, Feleke G, Din M. et al . Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000;  24 133-139
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 38 Crotty B, McDonald J, Mijch A M, Smallwood R A. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in AIDS.  J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;  13 371-375
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 39 Preclik G, Grune S, Leser H G. et al . Prospective, randomised, double blind trial of prophylaxis with single dose of co-amoxiclav before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.  BMJ. 1999;  319 881-884
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 40 Gossner L, Keymling J, Hahn E G, Ell C. Antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): a prospective randomized clinical trial.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 119-124
  Google Scholar
• 41 Schwenk A, Macallan D C. Tuberculosis, malnutrition and wasting.  Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000;  3 285-291
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 42 Miller L G, Asch S M, Yu E I, Knowles L, Gelberg L, Davidson P. A population-based survey of tuberculosis symptoms: how atypical are atypical presentations?.  Clin Infect Dis. 2000;  30 293-299
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 43 Schwenk A, Hodgson L, Rayner C F, Griffin G E, Macallan D C. Leptin and energy metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2003 (in press)
  Google Scholar
• 44 Onwubalili J K. Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988;  42 363-366
  PubMedGoogle Scholar

MD PD MSc Dr. med. Achim Schwenk

Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases · Royal Free Hospital

Pond Street

GB-London NW3 2QG

Email: a.schwenk@sghms.ac.uk