Evaluation einer bevölkerungsbezogenen Kampagne zu psychischen Erkrankungen – Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt „psychenet“

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie: Evaluation zentraler Botschaften einer Aufklärungskampagne in Hamburg. Analysiert werden Wahrnehmung der Kampagne und Wirkungen auf Einstellungen zu psychischen Erkrankungen.

Methodik: Es wurden telefonische Bevölkerungsbefragungen 2011 (N = 2014) und 2014 (N = 2006) in Hamburg (Interventionsregion) und München (Kontrollregion) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Im Städte- und Zeitvergleich zeigten sich nur wenige Differenzen in den Einstellungen. Sie waren stärker, wenn die Wahrnehmung der Kampagne berücksichtigt wurde.

Schlussfolgerungen: Aufklärungskampagnen haben auf Bevölkerungsebene eingeschränkte Wirkungen. Es ist wichtig, sich mit der Wirksamkeit von spezifischen Aufklärungsbotschaften zu beschäftigen.

Abstract

Objective: From 2011 to 2014, an information and awareness campaign was conducted in the framework of psychenet – Hamburg network for mental health. Evaluation is focused on two aspects: First, the reach of the campaign is examined. Second, effects of the campaign’s key messages on public attitudes concerning mental disorders are analyzed.

Methods: Analyses are based on two representative telephone surveys, conducted in Hamburg (intervention region) and Munich (control region) in 2011 prior (N = 2014) and 2014 post-campaign (N = 2006). Respondents were asked about their awareness of the psychenet campaign and to state their agreement or disagreement regarding attitudes and beliefs about mental disorders.

Results: 7.3 % (74 of 1005) of the respondents from Hamburg were aware of psychenet. Compared to the other respondents, this subgroup displayed a stronger accordance with the campaign’s key messages. However, regarding the total population over the course of time, differences in attitudes towards mental disorders were minor.

Conclusion: Information and awareness campaigns seem to have minor effects on public attitudes towards mental disorders. Effects of specific campaign messages need to be examined more systematically.

• Literatur

• 1 Link BG, Phelan JC. Conceptualizing stigma. Ann Rev Sociology 2001; 27: 363-385
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Schomerus G, Schwahn C, Holzinger A et al. Evolution of public attitudes about mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012; 125: 440-452
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Thornicroft G. Most people with mental illness are not treated. Lancet 2007; 370: 807-808
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Wang PS, Berglund P, Olfson M et al. Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiat 2005; 62: 603-613
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Wang PS, Angermeyer M, Borges G et al. Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry 2007; 6: 177-185
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators. Use of mental health services in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 109 (Suppl. 420): 47-54
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Rosen A, Walter G, Dermot C et al. Combating psychiatric stigma: An overview of contemporary initiatives. Australas Psychiatry 2000; 8: 19-26
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Wyllie A, Lauder J. Impacts of national media campaign to counter stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness. Research Report for Ministry of Health. Auckland: Phoenix Research; 2012
  Google Scholar
• 9 Crisp A, Gelder M, Goddard E et al. Stigmatization of people with mental illnesses: a follow-up study within the Changing Minds campaign of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. World Psychiatry 2005; 4: 106-113
  Google Scholar
• 10 Jorm AF, Christensen H, Griffiths KM. Changes in depression awareness and attitudes in Australia: the impact of beyondblue: the national depression initiative. Aust NZ J of Psychiat 2006; 40: 42-46
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Hegerl U, Althaus D, Stefanek J. Public attitudes towards treatment of depression: Effects of an information campaign. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003; 36: 288-291
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Gaebel W, Zäske H, Baumann AE et al. Evaluation of the German WPA “Program against stigma and discrimination because of schizophrenia — Open the Doors”: Results from representative telephone surveys before and after three years of antistigma interventions. Schizophr Res 2008; 98: 184-193
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Grausgruber A, Schöny W, Grausgruber-Berner R et al. „Schizophrenie hat viele Gesichter“ – Evaluierung der österreichischen Anti-Stigma-Kampagne 2000–2002. Psychiat Prax 2009; 36: 327-333
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Dumesnil H, Verger P. Public awareness campaigns about depression and suicide: A review. Psychiat Serv 2009; 60: 1203-1213
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Clement S, Lassman F, Barley E et al. Mass media interventions for reducing mental health-related stigma (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Reviews 2013; 6 CD009453
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Härter M, Kentgens M, Brandes A et al. Rationale and content of psychenet: the Hamburg Network for Mental Health. Eur Arch Psy Clin N 2012; 262: 57-63
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Gabler S, Häder S Hrsg. Telefonstichproben. Methodische Innovationen und Anwendung in Deutschland. Münster: Waxmann; 2002
  Google Scholar
• 18 Reuband KH. Rücklaufquoten und Repräsentativität. Stadtforschung und Statistik 2011; 1: 44-50
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Angermeyer MC, Mnich E, Daubmann A et al. Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of people with eating disorders. Soc Psych Psych Epid 2013; 48: 1667-1673
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Statistikamt Nord. Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg 2013/2014. 2014. Im Internet: http://www.statistik-nord.de/uploads/tx_standocuments/JB13HH_Gesamt_Korr.pdf (Stand: 02.12.2014)
  Google Scholar
• 21 Statistisches Bundesamt (destatis). Bildungsstand der Bevölkerung. 2013. Im Internet: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BildungForschungKultur/Bildungsstand/BildungsstandBevoelkerung5210002137004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile (Stand: 02.12.2014)
  Google Scholar
• 22 Statistisches Amt München. Stat. Taschenbuch. 2013. Im Internet: www.muenchen.de/.../Statistik/Taschenbuch/Stat_Taschenbuch_2013.pdf (Stand: 02.12.2014)
  Google Scholar
• 23 Regionaldatenbank Deutschland, Bevölkerungsstand. Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Altersgruppen. Im Internet: https://www.regionalstatistik.de/genesis/online/data;jsessionid=49D0256F8762BF72B2CF81C1704250F4?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=2&levelid=1417517710140&downloadname=173-21-4 (Stand: 02.12.2014)
  Google Scholar
• 24 Statistisches Amt München. Sonderauswertung des Mikrozensus 2012. Persönliche Mitteilung; 2014
  Google Scholar
• 25 Baumann A, Zäske H, Decker P et al. Veränderungen in der sozialen Distanz der Bevölkerung gegenüber schizophren Erkrankten in 6 deutschen Großstädten – Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Telefonbefragung 2001 und 2004. Nervenarzt 2007; 78: 787-795
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Evans-Lacko S, Henderson C, Thornicroft G. Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009–2012. Brit J Psychiat 2013; 202: 51-57
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 von dem Knesebeck O, Mnich E, Daubmann A et al. Socioeconomic status and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and eating disorders. Soc Psych Psych Epid 2013; 48: 775-782
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Welch V et al. What types of interventions generate inequalities? Evidence from systematic reviews. J Epidemiol Community Health 2013; 67: 190-193
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Macintyre S. Inequalities in health in Scotland: what are they and what can we do about them?. Medical Research Council. Glasgow: Social and Public Health Science Unit; 2007
  Google Scholar
• 30 Livingston JD, Tugwell A, Korf-Uzan K et al. Evaluation of a campaign to improve awareness and attitudes of young people towards mental health issues. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48: 965-973
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Borschmann R, Greenberg N, Jones N et al. Campaigns to reduce mental illness stigma in Europe: a scoping review. Psychiatrie 2014; 11: 43-50
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Clement S, Jarrett M, Henderson C et al. Messages to use in population-level campaigns to reduce mental health-related stigma: Consensus development study. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 2010; 19: 72-79
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 33 Goldney RD, Fisher LJ. Have broad-based community and professional education programs influenced mental health literacy and treatment seeking of those with major depression and suicidal ideation?. Suicide Life-Threat 2008; 38: 129-142
  PubMedGoogle Scholar