Applicability of the Clinical Global Impressions-Aggression (CGI-A) Scale for Use in File Audit Trials

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and validity of a clinical global impressions-aggression (CGI-A) scale in retrospective trials. CGI-A scores were derived from clinical records, BPRS scores were assessed prospectively in 101 patients with first-episode psychosis. CGI-A showed highly significant correlations to the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) excited component (BPRS-EC; r=0.32; p=0.001) and BPRS resistance (r=0.25; p=0.011), to aggression at admission (r=0.70; p<0.001) and to involuntary treatment (r=0.55; p<0.001). The CGI-A retains high construct and face validity in retrospective trials.

• References

• 1 Allen MH, Currier GW, Carpenter D et al. Treatment of behavioral emergencies 2005. J Psychiatr Pract 2005; 11 (Suppl. 01) 5-108
  Google Scholar
• 2 Friis S, Larsen TK, Melle I et al. Methodological pitfalls in early detection studies – the NAPE Lecture 2002. Nordic Association for Psychiatric Epidemiology. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 107: 3-9
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Goedhard LE, Stolker JJ, Nijman HL et al. Trials assessing pharmacotherapeutic management of aggression in psychiatric patients: comparability with clinical practice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010; 43: 205-209
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Sival RC, Duivenvoorden HJ, Jansen PA et al. Sodium valproate in aggressive behaviour in dementia: a twelve-week open label follow-up study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004; 19: 305-312
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Sharif ZA, Raza A, Ratakonda SS. Comparative efficacy of risperidone and clozapine in the treatment of patients with refractory schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 498-504
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 MacMillan CM, Korndorfer SR, Rao S et al. A comparison of divalproex and oxcarbazepine in aggressive youth with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatric Pract 2006; 12: 214-222
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Huber CG, Lambert M, Naber D et al. Validation of a clinical global impression scale for aggression (CGI-A) in a sample of 558 psychiatric patients. Schizophr Res 2008; 100: 342-348
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Guy W. Clinical global impression. In: Guy W. ed ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, revised Rockville, MI: National Institute of Mental Health. 1976: 217-222
  Google Scholar
• 9 WHO. ICD-10: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO); 1992
  Google Scholar
• 10 Gaebel W, Falkai P. Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie. 1 edn. Darmstadt: Steinkopff; 2005
  Google Scholar
• 11 Overall JE. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in psychopharmacology research. In: Pichot P, Olivier-Martin R. eds Psychological measurements in psychopharmacology: Modern problems in psychopharmacology. Basel: Karger; 1974: 67-78
  Google Scholar
• 12 Shafer A. Meta-analysis of the brief psychiatric rating scale factor structure. Psychol Assess 2005; 17: 324-335
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Wolthaus JE, Dingemans PM, Schene AH et al. Component structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and spectrum disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 150: 399-403
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Emsley R, Rabinowitz J, Torreman M. RIS-INT-35 Early Psychosis Global Working Group. The factor structure for the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in recent-onset psychosis. Schizophr Res 2003; 61: 47-57
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Lindenmayer JP, Brown E, Baker RW et al. An excitement subscale of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Schizophr Res 2004; 68: 331-337
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 Lindenmayer JP. The pathophysiology of agitation. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61 (Suppl. 14) 5-10
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 McGorry PD, Copolov DL, Singh BS. Royal Park multidiagnostic instrument for psychosis: part I. Rationale and review. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 501-515
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 McGorry PD, Singh BS, Copolov DL et al. Royal Park multidiagnostic instrument for psychosis: part II. Development, reliability, and validity. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 517-536
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992; 112: 155-159
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Koenig LB, Jacob T, Haber JR. Validity of the lifetime drinking history: a comparison of retrospective and prospective quantity-frequency measures. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2009; 70: 296-303
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Steiner M, Streiner DL. Validation of a revised visual analog scale for premenstrual mood symptoms: results from prospective and retrospective trials. Can J Psychiatry 2005; 50: 327-332
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Ligon J, Thyer BA. Interrater reliability of the brief psychiatric rating scale used at a community-based inpatient crisis stabilization unit. J Clin Psychol 2000; 56: 583-587
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Anastasi A, Urbina S. Psychological Testing. 7^th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1997
  Google Scholar
• 24 Soyka M. Aggression in schizophrenia: assessment and prevalence. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 278-279
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar