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Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 11-12/2013

01.06.2013 | themenschwerpunkt

Peritonealdialyse gestern und heute: welche Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse waren in den letzten Jahrzehnten bedeutend?

verfasst von: Andreas Vychytil, MD

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 11-12/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Neuentwicklungen im Bereich der Peritonealdialyse (PD) haben zu einer zunehmenden Verbesserung klinischer Ergebnisse geführt. Die Bedeutung des Salzhaushaltes, der Flüssigkeitsbilanz, der Nierenrestfunktion und der peritonealen Glukosebelastung ist im Vergleich zur peritonealen Harnstoff- und Kreatininclearance in den Vordergrund getreten. Die automatisierte PD (APD) ist bei Patienten mit hohen peritonealen Transportraten indiziert, wird aber aufgrund neuerer Studien, die ein vergleichbares oder sogar besseres Überleben sowie keinen Unterschied in der Lebensqualität im Vergleich zur kontinuierlich ambulanten PD zeigen, auch zunehmend als initiales PD-Verfahren eingesetzt. Neuere Dialyselösungen ermöglichen eine bessere Ultrafiltration (Icodextrin), eine Verminderung der peritonealen Glukosezufuhr (Aminosäuren, Icodextrin) und eine Schonung der Peritonealmembran (Lösungen mit niedriger Konzentration an Glukoseabbauprodukten). Zur Infektionsprophylaxe wurden in den letzten Jahren zunehmend antibiotische Salben verwendet, auf Resistenzen ist aber zu achten. Laufende Studien untersuchen die Effektivität einer nicht-antibiotischen prophylaktischen Behandlung der Katheteraustrittsstelle, beispielsweise mit medizinischem Honig. Dank dieser Verbesserungen ist die PD heute ein der Hämodialyse gleichwertiges Verfahren.
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Metadaten
Titel
Peritonealdialyse gestern und heute: welche Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse waren in den letzten Jahrzehnten bedeutend?
verfasst von
Andreas Vychytil, MD
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 11-12/2013
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-013-0191-7

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