Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 11-12/2020

12.03.2020 | main topic

Mutual influences in the development of pathology and medicine in Austria and Turkey

verfasst von: Prof. Nadir Paksoy, MD, MIAC

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 11-12/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

The Imperial Medical School (Mektebi Tibbiye‑i Şahane), established in Istanbul in 1839 as the first medical school, in the Western sense, took the Josephinum Military Medical Academy in Vienna as an example, and this led to a period of flourishing in terms of Austrian–Turkish medical relationships. Dr. Karl Ambros Bernard, Dr. Jacob Anton Neuer and pharmacist Jacob Hoffmann came to Istanbul in 1938 with the support of Prince Metternich, the Prime Minister of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, and the recommendation of the private physician of the prince, a famous ophthalmologist at the University of Vienna. Subsequently, Sigmund Spitzer, who was a professor of anatomy at the University of Vienna, came to Istanbul as well. Through the efforts of Bernard and Spitzer, the new Ottoman sultan, Abdülmecid, granted authorization for the use of cadavers and autopsies for the first time in 1841, though only of Christian prisoners who had died in prison. Prof. Hyrtl, from the Medical School of Vienna, sent educational materials from his own collection for use in anatomy education. A botanist named Noe as well as Dr. Wachbicher and Prof. Lorenz Rigler also came to Istanbul. Wachbicher and Rigler worked at the school of medicine and the military hospital. This period, spanning 1839–1856, was a critical period in the Westernization of Turkish medicine. After Metternich, the Austrian government stopped sending physicians to Istanbul to assist the medical school. However, many physicians from the Austro-Hungarian Empire served in the Ottoman army until World War I. Atatürk, the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey, carried out a reform of the university system in 1933. Many scientists of Jewish origin who had escaped from Nazi oppression and many anti-Nazi German and Austrian scientists came to Turkey. An ENT professor named Erich Ruttin and a professor of radiology named Dr. Max Sgalitzer worked at Istanbul Medical School.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Terzioğlu A, Lucius E, editors. Die Hohe Medizinschule Galatasaray und ihre Bedeutung für die Moderne Türkische Medizin. Berichte des Symposiums am 18.9.1989 [Mektebi Tıbbiye‑i Şahane’ninKurulması ve Modern Türk Tıbbına Katkıları. Kuruluşunun 150. Yılı Sempozyum Bildirileri]. Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları; 1993. in Turkish and German. Terzioğlu A, Lucius E, editors. Die Hohe Medizinschule Galatasaray und ihre Bedeutung für die Moderne Türkische Medizin. Berichte des Symposiums am 18.9.1989 [Mektebi Tıbbiye‑i Şahane’ninKurulması ve Modern Türk Tıbbına Katkıları. Kuruluşunun 150. Yılı Sempozyum Bildirileri]. Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları; 1993. in Turkish and German.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard KA. Die medizinische Schule zu Galata-Serai. Allg Ztg Militair-Aerzte. 1844. 2:141–142, 159–160, 165–167. Bernard KA. Die medizinische Schule zu Galata-Serai. Allg Ztg Militair-Aerzte. 1844. 2:141–142, 159–160, 165–167.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuburger M. Österreichische Ärzte als Pioniere der wissenschaftlichen Medizin und des Sanitätswesen in der Türkei (1839–1856). Wien Med Wochenschr. 1917; (67/38). Neuburger M. Österreichische Ärzte als Pioniere der wissenschaftlichen Medizin und des Sanitätswesen in der Türkei (1839–1856). Wien Med Wochenschr. 1917; (67/38).
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Chahrour M. “A civilizing mission”? Austrian medicine and the reform of medical structures in the Ottoman Empire, 1838–1850. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2007;38(4):687–705.CrossRef Chahrour M. “A civilizing mission”? Austrian medicine and the reform of medical structures in the Ottoman Empire, 1838–1850. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2007;38(4):687–705.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Samsinger E. Austria in istanbul: the imperial and royal presence in the Ottoman Empire. Münster: LIT; 2018. in German with abstracts in English and Turkish. Samsinger E. Austria in istanbul: the imperial and royal presence in the Ottoman Empire. Münster: LIT; 2018. in German with abstracts in English and Turkish.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Swieten blog. Jakob Anton Neuner, Karl Ambros Bernard, Lorenz Rigler und Sigismund Spitzer: Mediziner des Josephinum im Dienste des Osmanischen Reiches zwischen 1839–1850.. https://ub.meduniwien.ac.at. Accessed 6 Apr 2017. Van Swieten blog. Jakob Anton Neuner, Karl Ambros Bernard, Lorenz Rigler und Sigismund Spitzer: Mediziner des Josephinum im Dienste des Osmanischen Reiches zwischen 1839–1850.. https://​ub.​meduniwien.​ac.​at. Accessed 6 Apr 2017.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Paksoy N. The history of pathology in Turkey. Pathol Res Pract. 1989;184(1):128–31.CrossRef Paksoy N. The history of pathology in Turkey. Pathol Res Pract. 1989;184(1):128–31.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Terzioğlu A, Lucius E, editors. Österreichische Beziehungen. Berichte des Symposium vom 28 und 29 April 1986 in Istanbul. [Türk-Avusturya Tıbbi İlişkileri Sempozyumu Bildirileri 28 ve 29 Nisan 1986, Istanbul]. Istanbul: Istanbul University and Istanbul Office for Austrian Culture; 1987. Turkish and German. Terzioğlu A, Lucius E, editors. Österreichische Beziehungen. Berichte des Symposium vom 28 und 29 April 1986 in Istanbul. [Türk-Avusturya Tıbbi İlişkileri Sempozyumu Bildirileri 28 ve 29 Nisan 1986, Istanbul]. Istanbul: Istanbul University and Istanbul Office for Austrian Culture; 1987. Turkish and German.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Eyice S. Karl Ambros Bernard (1808–1844). İstanbul’da İlk Tıp Mektebini Kuran Avusturyalı Hekim. [Karl Ambros Bernard (1808–1844). The Austrian physician who founded the first medical school in Istanbul]. Tdv Islam Ansiklopedisi. 1992;5:520–1. In Turkish. Eyice S. Karl Ambros Bernard (1808–1844). İstanbul’da İlk Tıp Mektebini Kuran Avusturyalı Hekim. [Karl Ambros Bernard (1808–1844). The Austrian physician who founded the first medical school in Istanbul]. Tdv Islam Ansiklopedisi. 1992;5:520–1. In Turkish.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Eyice S. Mekteb‑i Tıbbiye’nin İlk Müdürü Dr. Bernard’ın Mezarı [The grave of Dr. Bernard, the First Director of the Galata Serai Imperial School of Medicine]. Turkish J Hist. 2011;2:89–96. in Turkish. Eyice S. Mekteb‑i Tıbbiye’nin İlk Müdürü Dr. Bernard’ın Mezarı [The grave of Dr. Bernard, the First Director of the Galata Serai Imperial School of Medicine]. Turkish J Hist. 2011;2:89–96. in Turkish.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ülman YI. Galatasaray Tıbbiyesi—Tıbbiye’de Modernleşmenin Başlangıcı [The beginning of modernization in medicine in Turkey: the role of Imperial Medical School of Galata Serai]. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2017. in Turkish. Ülman YI. Galatasaray Tıbbiyesi—Tıbbiye’de Modernleşmenin Başlangıcı [The beginning of modernization in medicine in Turkey: the role of Imperial Medical School of Galata Serai]. Istanbul: Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2017. in Turkish.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajdu SI. Microscopic contributions of pioneer pathologists. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2011;41(2):201–6.PubMed Hajdu SI. Microscopic contributions of pioneer pathologists. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2011;41(2):201–6.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Namal FA. Prof. Dr. Max Sgalitzer (1884–1974).Ein Österreichischer Leiter des Radiologischen Instituts der Universität Istanbul. Zeitgeschichte. 2003;1:37–49. Namal FA. Prof. Dr. Max Sgalitzer (1884–1974).Ein Österreichischer Leiter des Radiologischen Instituts der Universität Istanbul. Zeitgeschichte. 2003;1:37–49.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Namal A. The short working period of the Austrian ear, nose and throat specialist professor Erich Ruttin at Istanbul University in 1934 and 1935. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2003;115(12):432–7. in German with an abstract in English.CrossRef Namal A. The short working period of the Austrian ear, nose and throat specialist professor Erich Ruttin at Istanbul University in 1934 and 1935. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2003;115(12):432–7. in German with an abstract in English.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Namal A. Dr. Rosa Maria Rössler (1901, Vienna-1954, Tstanbul): her work in Istanbul and her contribution to Turkish medicine. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2007;119(21–22):663–8. in German with an abstract in English.CrossRef Namal A. Dr. Rosa Maria Rössler (1901, Vienna-1954, Tstanbul): her work in Istanbul and her contribution to Turkish medicine. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2007;119(21–22):663–8. in German with an abstract in English.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Arat E. Türklere güvendiler. Tarih Boyunca Türk topraklarına sığınanlar [They trusted the Turks. Those who took refuge in Turkish lands throughout history]. Istanbul: Tarihçi Kitapevi Yayınları; 2016. in Turkish. Arat E. Türklere güvendiler. Tarih Boyunca Türk topraklarına sığınanlar [They trusted the Turks. Those who took refuge in Turkish lands throughout history]. Istanbul: Tarihçi Kitapevi Yayınları; 2016. in Turkish.
Metadaten
Titel
Mutual influences in the development of pathology and medicine in Austria and Turkey
verfasst von
Prof. Nadir Paksoy, MD, MIAC
Publikationsdatum
12.03.2020
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 11-12/2020
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-020-00743-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11-12/2020

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 11-12/2020 Zur Ausgabe