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Erschienen in: Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen 2/2021

13.07.2021 | Originalien

Medikamentös-toxische Leberschädigung und Immuncheckpointinhibitor-induzierte Hepatitis

verfasst von: Stefan Bartl, Patrick Dinkhauser, Prim. Univ. Prof. Dr. Harald Hofer

Erschienen in: Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen | Ausgabe 2/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Neben der alkoholinduzierten Leberschädigung sind wir im klinischen Alltag häufig mit medikamentös verursachter Hepatotoxizität konfrontiert. Dies wird durch die demographische Entwicklung mit zunehmend fortgeschrittenem Alter internistischer Patienten und der daraus häufig resultierenden Polypharmazie verstärkt. Die Einführung der Immuncheckpointinhibitoren (ICI) hat die Behandlungsalgorithmen zahlreicher Malignome verändert. ICI kommen mittlerweile bei vielen Tumorentitäten unterschiedlicher medizinischer Fachdisziplinen zur Anwendung. Damit einhergehend ist die häufiger anzutreffende Nebenwirkung einer ICI-induzierten Hepatopathie. Die Leber als zentrales metabolisches Organ ist prädisponiert für eine „drug-induced liver injury“ (DILI) und Kenntnisse über spezifische Reaktionsmuster und differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen sind für die nicht immer einfache Diagnosestellung und therapeutischen Empfehlungen essenziell. Das klinische Spektrum von DILI ist breit und umfasst nahezu alle Formen einer akuten – bis hin zum fulminanten Leberversagen – als auch chronischen Schädigung der Leber. Die klassischen Leberparameter (Transaminasen, Cholestase) sind sensitiv für das Erkennen einer medikamentösen Hepatotoxizität, jedoch nicht spezifisch und auch nur eingeschränkt verwertbar, um den klinischen Verlauf abzuschätzen. Histopathologische Muster sind variabel und nicht pathognomonisch. Die korrekte Diagnose und das therapeutische Procedere sind daher im Einzelfall herausfordernd. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über unterschiedliche Präsentationen sowie (differenzial-)diagnostische und therapeutische Überlegungen bei DILI zu geben. Darüber hinaus wird im Speziellen Erscheinungsbild und Therapie der ICI-induzierten Hepatopathie diskutiert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Medikamentös-toxische Leberschädigung und Immuncheckpointinhibitor-induzierte Hepatitis
verfasst von
Stefan Bartl
Patrick Dinkhauser
Prim. Univ. Prof. Dr. Harald Hofer
Publikationsdatum
13.07.2021
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1728-6263
Elektronische ISSN: 1728-6271
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41971-021-00100-1

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