Serum Sclerostin But Not DKK-1 Correlated with Central Arterial Stiffness in End Stage Renal Disease Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Patients
5.2. Anthropometric Analysis
5.3. Biochemical Investigations
5.4. Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements
5.5. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All (n = 194) | Control (n = 120) | High AS (n = 74) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 61 (52–71) | 58 (47.5–67.5) | 65 (59 –73) | 0.0001 |
Female, n (%) | 101 (52.1) | 69 (57.5) | 32 (43.2) | 0.075 |
Dialysis duration (mo) | 48.5 (22–96) | 42.5 (18.5–96.5) | 57 (28–90) | 0.077 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.91 ± 4.82 | 24.58 ± 4.83 | 25.45 ± 4.80 | 0.226 |
SBP (mmHg) | 142.29 ± 24.94 | 138.09 ± 25.54 | 149.11 ± 22.46 | 0.003 * |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.66 ± 15.74 | 78.81 ± 14.84 | 81.05 ± 17.12 | 0.336 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.0 (7.5–11.7) | 7.7 (7.0–8.9) | 12.3 (11.4–14.3) | <0.001 * |
BUN (mg/dL) | 60 (50–70) | 60.0 (49.5–67.5) | 61.0 (50.0–71.0) | 0.564 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.91 ± 2.67 | 9.90 ± 2.83 | 9.95 ± 2.43 | 0.901 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.02 ± 0.76 | 8.96 ± 0.71 | 9.11± 0.84 | 0.197 |
IP (mg/dL) | 4.92 ± 1.34 | 4.94 ± 1.37 | 4.90 ± 1.29 | 0.842 |
Albumin (mg/dL) | 4.06 (3.7–4.2) | 4.01 (3.70–4.30) | 4.10 (3.70–4.20) | 0.644 |
TCH (mg/dL) | 154.73 ± 39.13 | 157.55 ± 40.58 | 150.15 ± 36.47 | 0.202 |
TG (mg/dL) | 125 (87–197) | 114.0 (87.5–199.0) | 133.0 (87.0–189.0) | 0.473 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 120 (100–149) | 114.5 (97.0–142.0) | 131.0 (110.0–182.0) | 0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.32 (0.09–0.90) | 0.195 (0.06–0.780) | 0.465 (0.25–1.05) | 0.0001 * |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 230.15 (89.91–486.30) | 252.15 (123.07–503.86) | 167.25 (73.01–434.10) | 0.111 |
Sclerostin (pmol/L) | 143.50 (97.21–191.7) | 132.09 (89.58–175.44) | 157.41 (129.45–236.33) | 0.0001 * |
DKK-1 (pmol/L) | 12.08 (7.15–19.93) | 11.96 (7.25–19.15) | 12.86 (6.90–24.96) | 0.563 |
Mode, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
PD | 72 (37.1) | 51 (70.8) | 21 (29.2) | |
HD | 122 (62.9) | 69 (56.6) | 53 (43.4) | |
Cormobidity n (%) | 0.003 | |||
No | 48 (24.7) | 37 (30.8) | 11 (14.9) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 64 (33.0) | 44 (36.7) | 20 (27.0) | |
Hypertension | 25 (12.9) | 14 (11.7) | 11 (14.9) | |
Both | 57 (29.4) | 25 (20.8) | 32 (43.2) | |
ARB, n (%) | 66 (34.0) | 43 (35.8) | 27 (36.5) | 0.951 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 63 (32.5) | 38 (31.7) | 25 (33.8) | 0.882 |
CCB, n (%) | 82 (42.3) | 55 (45.8) | 27 (36.5) | 0.258 |
Statin, n (%) | 40 (20.6) | 24 (20.0) | 16 (21.6) | 0.930 |
Characteristics | All Patients (n = 122) | Control Group (n = 69) | High AS Group (n = 53) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.30 ± 12.14 | 60.58 ± 13.00 | 66.83 ± 9.98 | 0.004 * |
Female, n (%) | 60 (49.2) | 37 (53.6) | 23 (43.4) | 0.263 |
HD duration (mo) | 57.00 (25.53–119.34) | 58.20 (21.84–131.94) | 56.88 (26.70–104.82) | 0.857 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.92 ± 5.06 | 24.63 ± 5.28 | 25.29 ± 4.78 | 0.479 |
DM, n (%) | 52 (42.6) | 19 (27.5) | 33 (62.3) | <0.001 * |
HTN, n (%) | 59 (48.4) | 27 (39.1) | 32 (60.4) | 0.020 * |
SBP (mmHg) | 142.47 ± 25.61 | 137.67 ± 26.59 | 148.72 ± 23.05 | 0.018 * |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.74 ± 16.40 | 76.07 ± 15.63 | 77.60 ± 17.46 | 0.611 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 10.07 ± 2.98 | 7.88 ± 1.17 | 12.92 ± 2.06 | <0.001 * |
BUN (mg/dL) | 61.06 ± 15.61 | 60.77 ± 14.94 | 61.43 ± 16.58 | 0.816 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.32 ± 2.07 | 9.36 ± 2.08 | 9.28 ± 2.09 | 0.836 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.00 ± 0.74 | 8.94 ± 0.71 | 9.07± 0.79 | 0.331 |
IP (mg/dL) | 4.76 ± 1.26 | 4.75 ± 1.25 | 4.79 ± 1.29 | 0.862 |
Albumin (mg/dL) | 4.17 ± 0.46 | 4.18 ± 0.47 | 4.16 ± 0.45 | 0.840 |
TCH (mg/dL) | 144.65 ± 35.32 | 147.45 ± 39.38 | 141.00 ± 29.18 | 0.320 |
TG (mg/dL) | 113.00 (85.50-187.00) | 106.00 (85.00–192.50) | 127.00 (85.00–184.00) | 0.437 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 130.50 (117.75–169.00) | 128.00 (106.50–153.50) | 137.00 (114.00–185.50) | 0.084 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.41 (0.12–0.92) | 0.25 (0.08–0.79) | 0.59 (0.25–1.05) | 0.003 * |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 204.05 (84.08–416.65) | 244.40 (121.90–445.05) | 157.60 (58.00–392.15) | 0.180 |
Sclerostin (pmol/L) | 133.54 (90.52–175.17) | 122.04 (83.74–163.63) | 144.49 (113.34–221.37) | 0.002 * |
DKK-1 (pmol/L) | 13.25 (7.40–22.61) | 12.74 (7.34–21.07) | 14.42 (7.69–26.70) | 0.586 |
Urea reduction rate | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.689 |
Kt/V (Gotch) | 1.34 ± 0.17 | 1.35 ± 0.17 | 1.33 ± 0.16 | 0.658 |
ARB, n (%) | 36 (29.5) | 18 (26.1) | 18 (34.6) | 0.344 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 38 (31.1) | 19 (27.5) | 19 (35.8) | 0.326 |
CCB, n (%) | 47 (38.5) | 30 (43.5) | 17 (32.1) | 0.200 |
Statin, n (%) | 20 (16.4) | 9 (13.0) | 11 (20.8) | 0.254 |
Characteristic | All Participants (n = 72) | Control Group (n = 51) | High AS Group (n = 21) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 54.86 ± 16.11 | 51.61 ± 16.37 | 62.76 ± 12.59 | 0.007* |
Female, n (%) | 41 (56.9) | 32 (62.7) | 9 (42.9) | 0.121 |
PD vintage (months) | 46.07 ± 38.86 | 39.76 ± 38.66 | 61.38 ± 35.73 | 0.031 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.91 ± 4.43 | 24.52 ± 4.19 | 25.85 ± 4.92 | 0.249 |
DM, n (%) | 30 (41.7) | 20 (39.2) | 10 (47.6) | 0.511 |
HTN, n (%) | 62 (86.1) | 42 (82.4) | 20 (95.2) | 0.151 |
CAPD, n (%) | 52 (72.2) | 36 (70.6) | 16 (76.2) | 0.630 |
SBP (mmHg) | 142.00 ± 23.94 | 138.67 ± 24.31 | 150.10 ± 21.42 | 0.065 |
DBP (mmHg) | 84.63 ± 13.25 | 82.51 ± 12.95 | 89.76 ± 12.87 | 0.034 * |
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.08 ± 3.12 | 7.47 ± 1.69 | 12.98 ± 2.18 | < 0.001* |
BUN (mg/dL) | 59.01 ± 18.65 | 58.57 ± 18.91 | 60.10 ± 18.39 | 0.755 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.92 ± 3.24 | 10.62 ± 3.49 | 11.63 ± 2.45 | 0.235 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.04 ± 0.80 | 8.98 ± 0.73 | 9.18 ± 0.95 | 0.339 |
IP (mg/dL) | 5.19 ± 1.43 | 5.20 ± 1.50 | 5.18 ± 1.28 | 0.964 |
Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.74 ± 0.38 | 3.74 ± 0.42 | 3.73 ± 0.28 | 0.913 |
TCH (mg/dL) | 171.81 ± 39.58 | 171.22 ± 38.46 | 173.24 ± 43.12 | 0.845 |
TG (mg/dL) | 147.00 (91.50–212.75) | 139.00 (91.00–200.00) | 159.00 (108.00–232.50) | 0.511 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 105.00 (94.25–126.75) | 101.00 (91.00–120.00) | 117.00 (100.00–165.50) | 0.011 * |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 250.05 (121.64–558.70) | 259.70 (120.20–585.90) | 229.20 (111.71–503.42) | 0.706 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.26 (0.07–0.80) | 0.14 (0.06–0.69) | 0.32 (0.24–1.07) | 0.015 * |
Sclerostin (pmol/L) | 173.91 (122.32–229.02) | 139.11 (106.16–196.46) | 228.33 (172.21–259.66) | <0.001 * |
DKK-1 (pmol/L) | 10.55 (6.63–17.30) | 11.02 (6.62–16.35) | 8.53 (6.51–18.33) | 0.733 |
Weekly Kt/V | 2.09 ± 0.43 | 2.15 ± 0.45 | 1.95 ± 0.33 | 0.070 |
Peritoneal Kt/V | 1.74 ± 0.45 | 1.76 ± 0.46 | 1.71 ± 0.42 | 0.654 |
Total CCr (l/week) | 59.66 ± 24.23 | 61.54 ± 25.66 | 55.09 ± 20.20 | 0.308 |
Peritoneal CCr (l/week) | 42.33 ± 16.34 | 42.33 ± 16.88 | 42.35 ± 15.35 | 0.995 |
ARB, n (%) | 30 (41.7) | 22 (43.1) | 8 (38.1) | 0.693 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 25 (34.7) | 19 (37.3) | 6 (28.6) | 0.482 |
CCB, n (%) | 35 (48.6) | 25 (49.0) | 10 (47.6) | 0.914 |
Statin, n (%) | 20 (27.8) | 15 (29.4) | 5 (23.8) | 0.630 |
Variables | OR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 1.052 | 1.025–1.079 | 0.0001 * | 1.064 | 1.032–1.098 | 0.0001 |
Female | 0.563 | 0.314–1.011 | 0.055 | |||
Dialysis duration | 1.002 | 0.997–1.007 | 0.448 | |||
BMI | 1.038 | 0.977–1.102 | 0.226 | |||
SBP (mmHg) | 1.019 | 1.006–1.031 | 0.003 | 1.017 | 1.003–1.032 | 0.018 |
DBP (mmHg) | 1.009 | 0.991–1.028 | 0.335 | |||
BUN (mg/dL) | 1.004 | 0.987–1.022 | 0.622 | |||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.007 | 0.904–1.122 | 0.900 | |||
Calcium (mg/dL) | 1.286 | 0.877–1.885 | 0.198 | |||
IP (mg/dL) | 0.978 | 0.787–1.215 | 0.841 | |||
Albumin (mg/dL) | 1.228 | 0.669–2.257 | 0.508 | |||
TCH (mg/dL) | 0.995 | 0.988–1.003 | 0.201 | |||
TG (mg/dL) | 0.9996 | 0.997–1.002 | 0.764 | |||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 1.010 | 1.004–1.016 | 0.001 | 1.008 | 1.002–1.015 | 0.016 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 0.9995 | 0.98–1.001 | 0.322 | |||
CRP (mg/dL) | 1.915 | 1.248–2.937 | 0.003 | 2.109 | 1.196–3.717 | 0.001 |
Sclerostin (pmol/L) | 1.010 | 1.005–1.014 | <0.0001 | 1.012 | 1.006–1.017 | 0.0001 |
DKK–1 (pmol/L) | 1.011 | 0.985–1.038 | 0.409 | |||
Mode n (%) | ||||||
PD | 1 | |||||
HD | 1.865 | 1.002–3.473 | 0.049 | |||
Comorbidity | ||||||
No | 1 | |||||
DM | 1.529 | 0.650–3.598 | 0.331 | |||
HTN | 2.643 | 0.936–7.460 | 0.066 | |||
Both | 4.306 | 1.836–10.099 | 0.0008 | |||
ARB | 1.029 | 0.563–1880 | 0.927 | |||
β-blocker | 1.101 | 0.594–2.039 | 0.760 | |||
CCB | 0.679 | 0.374–1.230 | 0.201 | |||
Statin | 1.103 | 0.542–2.248 | 0.786 |
Variables | Criterion | Sensitivity | 95% CI | Specificity | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sclerostin | 208.64 | 35.14 | 24.4–47.1 | 91.67 | 85.2–95.9 |
Age | 59 | 74.32 | 62.8–83.8 | 57.50 | 48.1–66.5 |
SBP | 132 | 77.03 | 65.8–86.0 | 46.67 | 37.5–56.0 |
CRP | 0.2 | 82.43 | 71.8–90.3 | 51.67 | 42.4–60.9 |
Glucose | 142 | 44.59 | 33.0–56.6 | 76.67 | 68.1–83.9 |
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Wu, C.-F.; Hou, J.-S.; Wang, C.-H.; Lin, Y.-L.; Lai, Y.-H.; Kuo, C.-H.; Liou, H.-H.; Tsai, J.-P.; Hsu, B.-G. Serum Sclerostin But Not DKK-1 Correlated with Central Arterial Stiffness in End Stage Renal Disease Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041230
Wu C-F, Hou J-S, Wang C-H, Lin Y-L, Lai Y-H, Kuo C-H, Liou H-H, Tsai J-P, Hsu B-G. Serum Sclerostin But Not DKK-1 Correlated with Central Arterial Stiffness in End Stage Renal Disease Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041230
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Chun-Feng, Jia-Sian Hou, Chih-Hsien Wang, Yu-Li Lin, Yu-Hsien Lai, Chiu-Huang Kuo, Hung-Hsiang Liou, Jen-Pi Tsai, and Bang-Gee Hsu. 2020. "Serum Sclerostin But Not DKK-1 Correlated with Central Arterial Stiffness in End Stage Renal Disease Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041230