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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter June 13, 2019

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: progress and prospects

  • Mahasweta Das ORCID logo , Karthick Mayilsamy , Shyam S. Mohapatra and Subhra Mohapatra EMAIL logo

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of injury-related mortality and morbidity in the USA and around the world. The survivors may suffer from cognitive and memory deficits, vision and hearing loss, movement disorders, and different psychological problems. The primary insult causes neuronal damage and activates astrocytes and microglia which evokes immune responses causing further damage to the brain. Clinical trials of drugs to recover the neuronal loss are not very successful. Regenerative approaches for TBI using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem promising. Results of preclinical research have shown that transplantation of MSCs reduced secondary neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and improved functional outcome in the experimental animals. The functional improvement is not necessarily related to cell engraftment; rather, immunomodulation by molecular factors secreted by MSCs is responsible for the beneficial effects of this therapy. However, MSC therapy has a few drawbacks including tumor formation, which can be avoided by the use of MSC-derived exosomes. This review has focused on the research works published in the field of regenerative therapy using MSCs after TBI and its future direction.

Award Identifier / Grant number: BX002668

Funding source: Dr. Subhra Mohapatra

Award Identifier / Grant number: IK6BX004212

Funding source: Dr. Shyam Mohapatra

Award Identifier / Grant number: IK6 BX003778

Funding statement: This work is supported by Veterans Affairs Merit Review grant (BX002668, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006364) to Subhra Mohapatra, and Research Career Scientist Awards to Dr. Subhra Mohapatra (IK6BX004212) and Dr. Shyam Mohapatra (IK6 BX003778). Though this report is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, the contents of this report do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

  1. Conflict of interest statement: The authors of this article have no competing interest to declare.

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Received: 2019-01-04
Accepted: 2019-04-05
Published Online: 2019-06-13
Published in Print: 2019-11-26

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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