Original ArticlesRelaxation music decreases the dose of patient-controlled sedation during colonoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial☆
Section snippets
Patients and methods
Between May and September 2000, 165 patients between the ages of 16 and 75 years scheduled for elective outpatient colonoscopy agreed to participate in the trial. Patients were randomly assigned by using computer-generated numbers to 1 of 3 groups: Group 1, PCS with music; Group 2, PCS alone; and Group 3, music alone. Patients in Group 3 could request intravenous administration of diazemuls (0.1 mg/kg) and meperidine (0.5 mg/kg) if they could not tolerate the procedure. PCS was delivered by
Results
The 3 groups were comparable with regard to age, gender, indications for colonoscopy, American Society of Anesthesiology grading, previous colonoscopy, number of complete colonoscopies, episodes of hypotension, and recovery time (Table 1).Empty Cell Group 1 (n = 55) PCS + music Group 2 (n = 55) PCS alone Group 3 (n = 55) Music alone p value Median age (interquartile range) 54 (46-68) 47 (39-67) 51 (40-65) 0.21* Gender (male:female) 33:22 29:26 27:28 0.51† Indications Rectal bleeding 17 22 22 0.74† Change in
Discussion
The beneficial effects of music therapy have been recognized for many years. The results of clinical studies suggest that music has positive psychological and physiologic effects, and thus music has been used as an anxiolytic for relieving stress or for stress-related intervention.5, 6, 7, 8 However, differences with respect to sample sizes, control groups, or outcome measures make it difficult to interpret the results of these studies. The use of music as an adjuvant to sedation for GI
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Reprint requests: Angus C.W. Chan, MD, Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Sheung shui, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.