Der Einfluß einiger Ophthalmologen des deutschsprachigen Raumes auf die Entwicklung der amerikanischen Augenheilkunde

 

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Zusammenfassung

Ende des 17. Jh. kamen Einwandererströme nach Amerika aus Zentraleuropa nach Pennsylvania und Iowa, im 19. Jh. vorwiegend aus Deutschland, im 20. Jh. hauptsächlich aus Österreichisch-Ungarischer Monarchie.

Hermann Knapp (1832-1911), 1859 Habilitation in Heidelberg, gründete die American Archives of Ophthalmology, deren Herausgeber er und sein Sohn Arnold bis 1948 blieben. Julius Hornberger (1839-1872), 1860 Promotion in Würzburg, 1861 Emigration, gründete das American Journal of Ophthalmology (1862-1865), trat für Spezialisierung ein. Adolf Alt (1851-1920), 1875 Promotion in Heidelberg, Emigration 1875, 1879 Publikation des Buches “Die normale und pathologische Histologie des Auges” auf Deutsch und Englisch, gründete 1883 das American Journal of Ophthalmology zum zweiten Mal, 1896 die Western Ophthalmological and Otolaryngological Association und wurde 1882 Mitglied der American Ophthalmological Society. Karl Koller (1857-1944), 1882 Promotion in Wien, 1884 Entdeckung der anaesthetischen Wirkung des Cocains, 1888 Emigration, 1889 Leiter des Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, erhielt 1922 die Howe-Medaille. Ludwig von Sallman (1892-1975), 1919 Promotion in Wien, 1939 Direktor der Laboratorien am Hermann Knapp Memorial Hospital, New York, 1956 Direktor des National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Bethesda, 1947 Mitglied der American Ophthalmological Society, erhielt 1959 die Howe-Medaille. Bertha A. Klien-Montcreiff (1898-1978), 1925 Promotion in Wien, 1928 Emigration, 1959 Professor der University of Chicago, war Malerin von Fundi mit klinikopathologischer Korrelation von ophthalmoskopischem und histopathologischem Befund. Peter Kronfeld (1899-1980), 1923 Promotion in Wien, 1927 Emigration, 1959 Ordinarius der Augenabteilung an der University of Chicago, war Physiologe. Frederick W. Stocker (1893-1974), 1917 Promotion in Bern, 1942 Professor an der Duke University of North Carolina, war Hornhaut-Chirurg und Physiologe. Hermann Bunan (1906-1974), 1930 Promotion in Belgrad, 1937 Emigration, 1942 Direktor des Dartmouth Eye Institute in Hanover, New Hampshire, 1945 Mitglied der American Ophthalmological Society, 1951 Professor der Augenheilkunde an der University of Iowa, 1951 Professor der University of Carolina, war Strabologe.

Summary

German-speaking immigrants came to America at the end of the seventeenth century from Central Europe, in the 19th century predominantly from Germany, in the 20th century from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

Herrmann Knapp (1839-1911), 1859 member of Eye Department in Heidelberg, 1867 immigration, 1879 foundation of American Archives of Ophthalmology, continued to be Editor together with his son Arnold until 1948. Julius Hornberger (1839-1872), born in Frankfurt, 1861 immigration, foundation of American Journal of Ophthalmology (1862-1865). Favored specialisation in medicine, Secretary of Section of Surgery in the new American Medical Association 1864, expelled 1868. Adolf Alt (1851-1920), 1875 graduation at the University in Heidelberg, 1875 immigration, 1879 publication of his book in English and German “The Normal and Pathological Histology of the Human Eye”. In 1883 second foundation of the American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1896 first president of Western Ophthalmological Society, 1882 member of American Ophthalmological Society. Karl Koller (1857-1944) from Bohemia, 1882 graduation in Vienna, 1884 discovery of anaesthetic effect of cocaine, 1888 immigration, 1889 chief of Mount Sinai Hospital, 1922 Howe-Medal, member of Americal Ophthalmological Society. Ludwig von Sallman (1892-1975), 1919 graduation in Vienna, 1939 immigration, head of Laboratories of Hermann Knapp Memorial Hospital, New York, 1956 chief of National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Bethesda, 1947 member of American Ophthalmological Society, 1959 Howe-Medal. Bertha A. Klien-Montcreiff (1898-1978), 1925 graduation in Vienna, 1928 immigration to Chicago, 1959 Professor at the University of Chicago, clinicopathological correlation of ophthalmoscopic and histologic findings in oil paintings. Peter C. Kron-feld (1899-1980), 1923 graduation in Vienna, 1927 immigration to Chicago, 1939 Illinois Eye&Ear Infirmary 1959 Chair of University of Chicago, Physiologist. Frederick W. Stocker (1893-1974), 1917 graduation in Bern, 1941 immigration, 1942 Professor at the Duke University of North Carolina, Surgeon and Physiologist. Hermann M. Burian (1906-1974), 1930 graduation in Belgrade, 1937 immigration, 1942 chief of Dartmouth Eye Institute in Hanover, New Hampshire. 1945 member of the American Ophthalmological Society, 1951 Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, 1971 Professor of the University of North Carolina.