Architektur und Design psychiatrischer Einrichtungen

 

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Über die Wirkung von Architektur und Design auf Patientinnen und Patienten psychiatrischer Einrichtungen existiert bisher kaum wissenschaftliche Evidenz.

Methode: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturübersicht durchgeführt über Studien in Einrichtungen der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie.

Ergebnisse: 25 Publikationen wurden in die Übersicht eingeschlossen (vorwiegend Prä-Post- und Kontrollgruppen-Designs). Die Unterschiedsbedingungen reichten von Kunstinstallationen bis hin zu Komplettrenovierungen. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Studien zeigte positive Ergebnisse.

Diskussion: Dieses Ergebnis sollte vor dem Hintergrund erheblicher methodischer Probleme vieler Studien interpretiert werden.

Abstract

Background: The physical environment of mental health institutions is regarded as a therapeutic agent within the treatment. There is only little scientific evidence on the consequences of architecture and design on psychiatric patients available.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted on studies from adult mental health institutions.

Results: 25 studies were included into the review. Pre-post-studies and control group conditions were predominant study designs. Randomized controlled trials were not available. Interventions reached from art installations up to entire ward renovations. Outcome indicators were rather heterogeneous, including psychopathology, behavioural observations and aggression incidents. Overwhelmingly, the studies revealed positive results of interventions into the physical environment.

Discussion and conclusions: We found positive outcomes independent from the intervention in detail. This result should be interpreted in the light of the generally low study quality and further methodological problems.

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