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Clinical Research

Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women

International Journal of Obesity volume 44, pages 1210–1226 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

As the prevalence of obesity continues to grow worldwide, the health and financial burden of obesity-related comorbidities grows too. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is clearly associated with increased adiposity. Importantly, women are at higher risk of CVD when obese and insulin resistant, in particular at higher risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and ischemic heart disease. Increased aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor activation, aberrant estrogenic signaling and elevated levels of androgens are among some of the proposed mechanisms explaining the heightened CVD risk. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, understanding nontraditional risk factors specific to women, like excess weight gain during pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and menopause are central to designing personalized interventions aimed to curb the epidemic of CVD. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a differential cardiovascular impact of increased adiposity in women compared with men and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms behind these differences. We also discuss women-specific cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

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Fig. 1: Cardiovascular disease manifestations and risk factors in obese women.

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Funding

Funding support CM-A is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 HL142770, R21 DK116081-01, K08 HL129074, and the Department of Veterans Affairs (BX003391); JP is supported by NIH grant R01 HL137769; LM-L is supported by NIH grant R01 HL088105; DG is supported by NIH grants R01 HL130984, R01 HL140548, and R01 G061824.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Camila Manrique-Acevedo, Bhavana Chinnakotla

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Camila Manrique-Acevedo & Bhavana Chinnakotla

  2. Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA

    Camila Manrique-Acevedo

  3. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Camila Manrique-Acevedo, Jaume Padilla & Luis A. Martinez-Lemus

  4. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Jaume Padilla

  5. Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Luis A. Martinez-Lemus

  6. Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    David Gozal

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  1. Camila Manrique-Acevedo
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Manrique-Acevedo, C., Chinnakotla, B., Padilla, J. et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women. Int J Obes 44, 1210–1226 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-0548-0

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