Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (PTSD) spielen in der Asylverfahrenspraxis eine zunehmende Rolle. Dennoch liegen bislang keine Daten zur Prävalenz unter Asylbewerbern in Deutschland vor. Auch ist nicht bekannt, inwieweit Einzelentscheider des Bundesamtes für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge (BAFl) Anzeichen auf eine Traumatisierung bei der Anhörung erkennen können. Fragestellungen: Stellt PTSD eine relevante Größe unter Asylbewerbern in Deutschland dar? Können Einzelentscheider mit Hilfe von Kurzinstrumenten Anzeichen auf eine PTSD erkennen? Methode: eigens geschulte Einzelentscheider befragten 76 Asyl-Erstantragsteller mit der eng am DSM-IV orientierten PDS (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale). 42 dieser Personen wurden in einem klinisch strukturierten Interview anhand der Sektion N des M-CIDI ausführlich nachuntersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei Asylsuchenden beträgt die PTSD-Punkt-Prävalenz ca. 40%. Es ergab sich keine überzufällige Erkennung dieser psychischen Erkrankung durch die Einzelentscheider. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung tritt bei Asylbewerbern in Deutschland deutlich häufiger auf als bisher angenommen. Die Schwierigkeit, traumatische Erfahrungen und resultierende PTSD-Symptome im Rahmen der Erstanhörung durch geschulte Mitarbeiter des BAFl zu erkennen, weist auf eine gewisse Verbesserungswürdigkeit der Verfahrensökononie des Asylverfahrens hin.
Abstract.Background: In revent years the problem of trauma among asylum seekers has become a central isssue in science and asylum practice in Germany. Unfortunately, until now the prevalence of PTSD in this specific group was not known. Further, it was uncertain whether employees of the “Department for the Recognition of Refugees” (Bundesamt zur Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtline, BAFI) were able to recognise symptoms of PTSD during asylum interviews. Objective: What is the prevalence of PTSD among asylum seekers in Germany? Are employees of the BAFI able to recognise the symptoms of PTSD during asylum interviews? Methods: 15 employees where trained to detect symptoms of PTSD in asylum seekers using the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Seventy-six asylum seekers were included in this study. The PDS scale was given to them by the BAFI employess in addition to the regular interview in the application for asylum. Forty of these people were interviewed a second time by psychologists of the Psychotrauma Research and Outpatient Clinic for Refugees at the University of Konstanz and tested in more detail. Results: The study found a PTSD prevalence rate of 40%. There was very little correlation between the findings of the BAFI employees and those of the psychological team. Conclusions: These findings imply that PTSD is a relevant problem among asylum seekers in Germany. They also imply that employees of the BAFI are at present not able to identify PTSD. This is even more worrying when we consider the fact that many of the undiscovered cases of PTSD were found to be caused by torture and persecution-incidents that meet the criteria for asylum in Germany, once they are detected. The study clearly illustrates that on the issue posttraumatic stress disorder there is a great need for action German in asylum policy.
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