ProcalcitoninSerum Procalcitonin in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases—Where Are We Now?
Section snippets
Methods
Here we review the current evidence regarding the value of measuring PCT levels in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, with focus on the evidence for diagnostic and analytical performance of this biomarker. Using PubMed from the National Library of Medicine, relevant English literature on PCT levels in patients with different systemic autoimmune diseases, from 1990 to 2009, was reviewed. The search included the keywords procalcitonin, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antineutrophil
Pathophysiology of Procalcitonin in Systemic Infection
PCT, a 116-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 13 KDa, is the precursor in the synthesis of calcitonin (CT), a calcium-regulating peptide with a role in calcium homeostasis. CT production results from transcription of the CALC-I gene, which, in a normal individual, is restricted to neuro-endocine cells, mainly C cells of the thyroid. However, it has been demonstrated that after thyroidectomy there is increased PCT release in severe inflammatory states, suggesting that the site of PCT
Discussion
Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of measuring of PCT levels is important for accurate and safe use in clinical practice. An important drawback of the published evidence on PCT in systemic autoimmune diseases is the lack of true outcome studies, where clinical decisions are guided by a PCT algorithm, as implemented in respiratory tract infections (50) and sepsis (51). Furthermore, most of the published observational studies on PCT in autoimmune diseases used a semiquantitative test for
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Cited by (58)
Markedly elevated procalcitonin due to anaphylactic shock, a case report
2022, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :PCT of mild elevated levels between 0.15 and 2 ng/mL usually indicates localized mild to moderate bacterial infection, noninfectious systemic inflammation, or untreated end-stage kidney disease [3]. It also can be found to be elevated in trauma and autoimmune disease patients [4, 5]. High levels of PCT of more than 2 ng/mL are associated with bacterial sepsis, severe localized bacterial infection, or medullary thyroid carcinoma [3].
Diagnostic and predictive values of procalcitonin in bloodstream infections for nosocomial pneumonia
2018, Journal of Critical CareCitation Excerpt :PCT levels can be affected by some non-infectious diseases, such as autoimmune diseases [12-16] and malignant tumors [17-19]. Therefore, the exclusion criteria were: [1] a medical history of immune system disease (adult-onset Still's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, or multiple sclerosis) [12-16]; and [2] a history of malignant tumor (thyroid carcinoma or lung cancer) [17-19]. Serum PCT levels were measured using an automatic analyzer (Vidas B.R.A.H.M.S.; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Procalcitonin levels in bloodstream infections caused by different sources and species of bacteria
2017, American Journal of Emergency MedicineProcalcitonin for the early discrimination of fever etiology in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases attending the emergency department
2023, Internal and Emergency MedicineInfections and Paraproteinemia
2022, Paraproteinemia and Related Disorders