Review ArticleContrast Ultrasonography for Tubal Patency
Section snippets
Performance of HyCoSy
HyCoSy is performed in the same way as saline solution–infused ultrasonography. Before performing HyCoSy it is important to screen women for chlamydia and related pelvic infections. Exclusion criteria include ongoing pregnancy; reproductive tract cancer; pelvic and vaginal infections; presence of tubal disease (hydrosalpinx, acute salpingitis) detectable via ultrasound; presence of risks factors such as heart disease, in particular heart shunt hypertension; and ictus. HyCoSy is better and more
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Cited by (53)
Factors associated with non-visualisation of tubal patency during Hysterosalpingo-Foam-Sonography
2022, Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human ReproductionCitation Excerpt :Disadvantages include radiation exposure, risk of allergy to iodinated contrast, inability to evaluate the ovaries, poor diagnostic efficacy for uterine malformations and low tolerance of the examination [6,7]. Ultrasound alternatives were thus developed : HyCoSy (Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography) [8] and more recently HyFoSy (Hysterosalpingo-Foam-Sonography) [9]; coupled with the use of fluid contrast agents such as ExEm® gel also these allow for real-time imaging of hyperechoic flow through the tubes. With a diagnostic sensitivity comparable to laparoscopy and HSG [10,11], tubal contrast ultrasonography also allows for an exhaustive assessment of the pelvis, and simplifies the procedure in a simple, non-invasive and non-irradiating intervention for the patient [7,12–14].
Fertility evaluation of infertile women: a committee opinion
2021, Fertility and SterilityPredictive value of bubble sign for tubal patency during office hysteroscopy
2020, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyACR Appropriateness Criteria® Female Infertility
2020, Journal of the American College of RadiologyCitation Excerpt :Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) involves instilling echogenic contrast, typically an agitated air and saline mixture, into the uterus with real-time US to observe the material distending the uterine cavity, filling the fallopian tubes, and spilling out over the adjacent ovary [53]. Accuracy of HyCoSy is similar to HSG when compared with laparoscopy with chromopertubation in determining tubal patency with sensitivity of 75% to 96% and specificity of 67% to 100% when compared directly with laparoscopy with chromopertubation [54]. It has been proposed that TVUS with 3-D imaging of the uterus and ovaries followed by SIS and HyCoSy with agitated saline can be performed in one session as a comprehensive infertility examination [42].
Imaging of Infertility, Part 1: Hysterosalpingograms to Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2020, Radiologic Clinics of North America
Disclosures: None declared.