Original StudyThere Are No Nonresponders to Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Older Men and Women
Section snippets
Participants
The participant population included healthy,16, 18 prefrail, and frail older17 men and woman (>65 years). Individuals with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, muscle disease, and those unable to perform exercise because of orthopedic limitations were excluded from the study. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (blood glucose >7.0 mmol/L) and renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) also were excluded. All participants were living independently. None
Participants' Characteristics
Participant characteristics are reported in Table 1. The 12-week analysis of lean body mass, 1-RM leg press, and 1-RM leg extension involved 110 participants, whereas the chair-rise time was completed on 85 participants. Type I and type II fiber cross-sectional area data was available for 92 participants at 12 weeks. The 24-week analysis of lean body mass, 1-RM leg press, 1-RM leg extension, and chair-rise time consisted of 85 participants. Type I and type II fiber cross-sectional data was
Discussion
In the present study, we observed that prolonged (12–24 weeks) resistance-type exercise training increased lean body mass, type I and II muscle fiber size, muscle strength, and physical function in a large group older men and women; however, large interindividual variability in the measured changes in these training outcomes was observed (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). Despite the interindividual variability in the adaptive response to training, we were unable to identify a
Conclusions
The present data show that there is no rationale to assume that there is such a thing as unresponsiveness to the benefits of exercise training and, as such, we should not be restrictive in the prescription of resistance-type exercise training to augment lean body mass, muscle fiber size, muscle strength, and physical function in the older population. Even in situations in which an individual demonstrates what might be classified as an adverse response to exercise13 on a single outcome measure,
Acknowledgments
We thank the participants for their time and effort.
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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
This work was funded by TI Food and Nutrition, a public-private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. The researchers are responsible for the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. The industrial partners have contributed to the project through regular discussion.