Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Major ArticleTestability of refraction, stereopsis, and other ocular measures in preschool children: The Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study
Section snippets
Subjects and Methods
The Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study (SPEDS) was conducted between 2007 and 2009. The Australian Bureau of Statistics data (2006) was used to identify 3,333 eligible children between the ages of 6 and 72 months. Study subjects were recruited via door-to-door census in four randomly selected postcodes in metropolitan Sydney. These postcodes were selected by the use of random cluster sampling, stratified by socioeconomic status, to represent each of the 3 major strata in Sydney (inner city,
Results
After children with incomplete or missing data were excluded, a total of 2,189 children were included in this report. Their mean age was 36.9 ± 19.7 (SD) months, with slightly more children in the youngest age bracket (6 to <12 months, 13.2%) than in the other age groups (Table 1). There were slightly more boys (53.7%) than girls in this sample, but there were no overall significant differences between the sexes across age groups (P = 0.42). White was the dominant ethnic group (45.8%), followed
Refraction
The handheld Retinomax was testable in 71.8% of our 6- to 72-month-old participants. In previous studies, investigators have shown that more than 95.4% of children 36 months of age or older could achieve confidence readings of 8 or greater in either eye without cycloplegia when used by professionals.24 In a study in which the authors used cycloplegia, an overall 89% of children 6 to 72 months of age could complete the test in both eyes.22 By comparison, our Retinomax testability was slightly
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Financial support: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grant number 402425 and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney.