Elsevier

International Journal of Surgery

Volume 13, January 2015, Pages 239-244
International Journal of Surgery

Review
Current progress in xenotransplantation and organ bioengineering

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.12.011Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Xenotransplantation and bioengineering could solve the donor organ shortage crisis.

  • Bioengineered organs and xenografts are challenged by immunobiological barriers.

  • Further work is needed to generate transplantable complex organs or xenografts.

Abstract

Organ transplantation represents a unique method of treatment to cure people with end-stage organ failure. Since the first successful organ transplant in 1954, the field of transplantation has made great strides forward. However, despite the ability to transform and save lives, transplant surgery is still faced with a fundamental problem the number of people requiring organ transplants is simply higher than the number of organs available. To put this in stark perspective, because of this critical organ shortage 18 people every day in the United States alone die on a transplant waiting list (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, http://organdonor.gov/about/data.html). To address this problem, attempts have been made to increase the organ supply through xenotransplantation and more recently, bioengineering. Here we trace the development of both fields, discuss their current status and highlight limitations going forward. Ultimately, lessons learned in each field may prove widely applicable and lead to the successful development of xenografts, bioengineered constructs, and bioengineered xeno-organs, thereby increasing the supply of organs for transplantation.

Keywords

Organ shortage
Xenotransplantation
Bioengineering

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