ASE Guidelines & Standards
Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale: From the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.015Get rights and content

Abbreviations

2D
Two-dimensional
3D
Three-dimensional
AoV
Aortic valve
ASA
Atrial septal aneurysm
ASD
Atrial septal defect
ASO
Amplatzer septal occluder
AV
Atrioventricular
CS
Coronary sinus
EV
Eustachian valve
DTI
Doppler tissue imaging
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
IAS
Interatrial septum/septal
ICE
Intracardiac echocardiography
IVC
Inferior vena cava
LA
Left atrium/atrial
LV
Left ventricle/ventricular
PA
Pulmonary artery
PFO
Patent foramen ovale
Qp/Qs ratio
Pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio
RA
Right atrium/atrial
RT3DE
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography
RUPV
Right upper pulmonary vein
RV
Right ventricle/ventricular
SCAI
Society for Cardiac Angiography and Intervention
SVC
Superior vena cava
SVD
Sinus venosus defect
TCD
Transcranial Doppler
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiography/echocardiographic
TTE
Transthoracic echocardiography/echocardiographic
VTI
Velocity time integral

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The following authors reported no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this document: Frank E. Silvestry, MD, FASE Chair, Meryl S. Cohen, MD, FASE Co-Chair, Laurie B. Armsby, MD, FSCAI, Nitin J. Burkule, MD, DM, FASE, Jonathan J. Rome, MD, and Yan Wang, RDCS. The following authors reported relationships with one or more commercial interests: Craig E. Fleishman, MD, FASE, has served as a consultant for W.L. Gore Medical; Ziyad M. Hijazi MD, MPH, MSCAI has served as a consultant for Occlutech; Roberto M. Lang, MD, FASE, has received grant support and served on the speakers bureau and advisory board for Philips.

Reprint requests: American Society of Echocardiography, 2100 Gateway Centre Boulevard, Suite 310, Morrisville, NC 27560 (E-mail: [email protected]).

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