The Microbiome and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future

Highlights

• Microbiome alterations are associated with infection, GVHD, and other adverse transplant outcomes.

• “Multiomic” technologies may better identify clinically actionable microbiome biomarkers.

• Functional microbial characterization may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

• Knowledge gaps persist in chronic GVHD and extraintestinal microbiome-host interactions.

• Multi-institutional studies and data collection expansion will maximize microbiome research impact.