REVIEWHypoxia, vascular smooth muscles and endothelium
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graphical abstract
Hypoxia acts on the vasculature directly conveying its damaging effects through disruption of the control of vascular tone, particularly in the coronary circulation, enhancement of inflammatory responses and activation of coagulation pathways. These effects could be particularly detrimental under pathological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea and other breathing disorders.
Abbreviations
cADPR
cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose
cGMP
cyclic guanosine monophosphate
EDCF
endothelium derived contracting factor
eNOS
endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ET
endothelin
GMP
guanine monophosphate
HIF
hypoxia inducible factor
HO
heme oxygenase
ICAM-1
intercellular adhesion molecule-1
MCP-1
monocyte chemotatic protein-1
mRNA
messenger ribose nucleic acid
mTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin
NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NO
nitric oxide
NOX
NADPH oxidase
PAI-1
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
ROS
reactive oxygen species
sGC
soluble guanylyl cyclase
VCAM-1
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
Key words
Coronary circulation
Contractions
Hypoxia
Endothelium
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