Cachexia: Common, Deadly, With an Urgent Need for Precise Definition and New Therapies
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Author Disclosures
The authors who contributed to this article have disclosed the following industry relationships:
Mitja Lainscak, MD, PhD, has no financial arrangement or affiliation with a corporate organization or a manufacturer of a product discussed in this supplement.
Gerasimos S. Filippatos, MD, has received research/grant support from GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronic, Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., and Vifor International Inc.
Mihai Gheorghiade, MD, serves as a consultant to Debbio Pharm, ErreKappa
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Cited by (60)
Cardiac cachexia in sub-Saharan Africa
2017, Indian Heart JournalCitation Excerpt :Loss of fat tissue is also thought to be a key-factor in the pathophysiology of cachexia even though fat, unlike muscle, cannot generate its own thermic energy. In industrialized countries where the overall prevalence is growing approximately up to 1% (i.e., about nine million patients), cachexia develops in many chronic conditions including cancer, chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke and infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis [4,5] (Table 2). Based on population prevalence, cachexia ranges from 5% to 15% in CHF or COPD to 60–80% in advanced cancer [4].
Impact of prealbumin on mortality and hospital readmission in patients with acute heart failure
2017, European Journal of Internal MedicineCerebrosides from sea cucumber ameliorates cancer-associated cachexia in mice by attenuating adipose atrophy
2015, Journal of Functional FoodsPrealbumin improves death risk prediction of BNP-added Seattle Heart Failure Model: Results from a pilot study in elderly chronic heart failure patients
2013, International Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Prealbumin, also known as transthyretin, is a globular, non-glycosilated protein, synthesized by the liver, and complexed with a retinol-binding protein, which acts as a transporter of retinol/vitamin A (90–95%) and thyroid hormones (20%), and its levels may be lowered not only by undernutrition, but also by inflammation and aging [24,25]. Low plasma prealbumin level has far-back emerged as an earliest laboratory indicator of poor nutritional status [24] but its additive prognostic power to SHFM and BNP combined in CHF patients has never been reported until now and it strongly supports the known prognostic relevance of malnutrition and cachexia development in this patient population [11,26,27]. In our study a positive linear relationship was observed between prealbumin levels and BMI (r = 0.38, P < 0.01), thus emphasizing the importance of the reverse epidemiology phenomenon in heart failure.
Mechanism and novel therapeutic approaches to wasting in chronic disease
2013, MaturitasCitation Excerpt :Other candidate targets for therapeutic interventions include transcription factors and their stimulators, neurohormonal antagonists, and anti-inflammatory drugs. To date, we are left with little guidance how to treat our cachexia patients, until results of ongoing studies are available, aggressive therapy of cachexia inducing illness and comorbid conditions appears as best possible practice [82]. Nicole Ebner wrote the first draft of the manuscript and all authors provided guidance and assistance in the writing and editing of the manuscript; and gave sagely advice.
Statement of author disclosure: Please see the Author Disclosures section at the end of this article.