Original articleThe Association Between Dry Eye Disease and Depression and Anxiety in a Large Population-Based Study
Section snippets
Methods
We performed a retrospective case-cohort study by performing a chart review using the Carolina Data Warehouse of all patients seen in the outpatient setting at the University of North Carolina between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2013. The study design was prospectively approved by the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board. The Carolina Data Warehouse is a repository of clinical, research, and administrative data captured from the electronic health records of all patients who
Results
A total of 460 611 patients were included in the analysis; the clinic payer mix was estimated to be 50% Medicare, 25% private insurance, 15% Medicaid, and 10% uninsured. Of the 460 611 patients, there were 7207 patients with dry eye, 20 004 patients with anxiety, and 30 100 patients with depression. Seventy-six patient records were excluded because age could not be determined. Table 1 summarizes the aggregated data. Table 2 presents the prevalence of dry eye in patients with each of depression
Discussion
The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between dry eye disease and each of depression and anxiety. As discussed previously, other studies of these associations had focused on a specific population, such as an elderly population in Beijing or a Veterans Affairs population.17, 18 Our study, however, included over 7000 patients with dry eye across all age groups, which we argue represents a larger and more diverse population than previously studied.
We identified statistically
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