Elsevier

Journal de Chirurgie

Volume 142, Issue 4, July 2005, Pages 208-219
Journal de Chirurgie

Revue de la littérature
Traitement chirurgical des tumeurs endocrines gastro-entéro-pancréatiques: 2. Traitement des métastases hépatiquesSurgical treatment of gastric, enteric and pancreatic endocrine tumors Part 2. Treatment of Hepatic Metastases

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-7697(05)80906-8Get rights and content

Résumé

La survenue de métastases hépatiques (MH) est un tournant évolutif dans le pronostic des malades ayant des tumeurs endocrines (TE) bien différenciées. Leur prise en charge est souvent multimodale et multidisciplinaire (chimiothérapie, chimio-embolisation artérielle, destruction percutanée, analogues de la somatostatine, biothérapie et chirurgie). Le bilan morphologique préopératoire doit être exhaustif pour détecter une atteinte extrahépatique et surtout mettre en évidence les MH de petite taille. L’exérèse complète (R0) est le seul traitement curatif des MH de TE bien différenciées. Le type d’exérèse varie selon chaque cas, il peut s’agir d’une tumorectomie ou d’une hépatectomie complexe parfois associée à l’exérèse simultanée de la tumeur primitive (MH synchrones). La chirurgie cytoréductrice (R2) est plus rarement indiquée pour un syndrome hormonal mal contrôlé par le traitement médical. Avec une mortalité opératoire faible (0 à 6 %), la survie globale à 5 ans après exérèse des MH de TE bien différenciées est de 60 à 70 %. La survie à 5 ans après exérèse de MH unilobaire est supérieure à 90 %. L’existence de MH multiples, bilobaires et sychrones est de très mauvais pronostic et seulement moins de 10 % des cas peuvent avoir une chirurgie d’exérèse parfois au prix d’une stratégie longue (chimiothérapie ou chimio-embolisation artérielle hépatique, radiofréquence, chirurgie en deux temps avec ligature de la veine porte). La transplantation hépatique (TH) garde une place limitée dans le traitement des malades ayant des MH de TE. Les séries de la littérature sont souvents hétérogènes, monocentriques et comportent peu de malades. Dans les séries anciennes numériquement les plus importantes on observait une surmortalité lorsque la TH était associée à des gestes d’exérèse larges sus-mésocoliques (duodénopancréatectomie céphalique, « cluster »). Malgré l’absence de consensus, on réserve actuellement l’indication de la TH aux malades jeunes (< 50 ans), en excellent état général, ayant des MH diffuses non résécables de TE bien différenciées, peu évolutives, sans atteinte extrahépatique (tumeur primitive le plus souvent réséquée). La survie globale après TH pour TE à 2 et 5 ans est respectivement de 60 % et 47 %, avec une survie sans récidive à 5 ans de 24 %. La TH pour MH d’origine intestinale (TE carcinoïdes) donne de meilleurs résultats en terme de survie que celles d’origine duodénopancréatique.

Abstract

The development of hepatic metastases (HM) marks a turning point in the evolution and prognosis of well-differentiated endocrine tumors (ET). Management is usually multicisciplinary (chemotherapy, arterial chemo-embolization, percutaneous ablation, somatostatin analogs, biotherapy, and surgery). A thorough pre-operative work-up is neecessary to exclude extrahepatic disease and to detect tiny HM's. Complete resection (R0) is the only curative treatment for well-differentiated ET with HM. The type of resection is specific to each case and may range from wedge resection of a metastasis to complex hepatectomy with simultaneous resection of the primary ET. Cytoreductive surgery may be indicated for palliation when medical therapy fails to control endocrine symptoms.

Operative mortality is low (0-6%) and global survival is 60-70% after R) resection of HM of well-differentiated ET's. After resection of HM involving only one hepatic lobe, 5 year survival is better than 90%. When HM are multiple, bilobar and synchronous, the prognosis is very poor -only 10% of such patients can have a complete resection and this often requires a long prologue of ancillary procedures (chemotherapy, chemoembolization, portal vein ligation, percutaneous ablation). Hepatic transplantation (HT) has only a limited rôle in the treatment of HM for ET ; mortality is high when HT is associated with large and complex resections, i.e. pancreaticoduodenectomy. Although there is no consensus in the literature, HT should be limited to the most optimal cases (young, good general health, well-differentiated tumor, slow evolution, complete resection of the primary tumor, and unresectable liver metastases). Global survival for HT in patients with ET is 60% at 2 years, 47% at 5 years; tumor-free survival at 5 years is 24%. HT for HM has better survival results for ET's of intestinal origin (carcinoids) than for duodenopancreatic ET's.

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