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The prevalence of frailty and related factors in community-dwelling Turkish elderly according to modified Fried Frailty Index and FRAIL scales

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Abstract

Aim

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty with the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) and FRAIL scales (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, Low weight) and also its associated factors in the community-dwelling Turkish elderly.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional population-based study in an urban area with a population of over 1,200,000. We sampled 1/100 of the elderly population. Frailty prevalence was assessed with a modified version of the FFI and FRAIL scale. Nutritional status was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. Depressive mood was assessed by GDS. Functional capacity was assessed by the instrumental activities of daily living scale. Falls and fear of falling were noted. Uni- and multivariate analyses were done to determine associated factors for frailty.

Results

A total of 906 community-dwelling elderly were included, in whom the mean age and standard deviation (SD) of age were 71.5 (5.6) years (50.6 % female). We detected frailty (female 30.4 %, male 25.2 %), pre-frailty and non-frailty prevalence with FFI as 27.8, 34.8, and 37.4 %, respectively. The prevalence of frailty (female 14.5 %, male 5.4 %), pre-frailty and non-frailty with the FRAIL scale was detected as 10, 45.6, and 44.4 %. Coexisting associated factors related with frailty in both models were found as depressive mood, cognitive impairment, and malnutrition in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

According to both scales, frailty was strongly associated with cognitive impairment, depressive mood, and malnutrition in the community-dwelling Turkish elderly population.

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Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the author.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey

    Sibel Akın

  2. Department of Family Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey

    Mumtaz M. Mazıcıoglu & Elif Deniz Şafak

  3. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey

    Salime Mucuk

  4. Public Health Center, Hacilar, 38210, Kayseri, Turkey

    Semsinnur Gocer

  5. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melikşah University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Sibel Arguvanlı

  6. Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey

    Ahmet Ozturk

Authors
  1. Sibel Akın
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  2. Mumtaz M. Mazıcıoglu
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  3. Salime Mucuk
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  4. Semsinnur Gocer
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  5. Elif Deniz Şafak
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  6. Sibel Arguvanlı
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Correspondence to Sibel Akın.

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Akın, S., Mazıcıoglu, M.M., Mucuk, S. et al. The prevalence of frailty and related factors in community-dwelling Turkish elderly according to modified Fried Frailty Index and FRAIL scales. Aging Clin Exp Res 27, 703–709 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0337-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0337-0

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