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Practical Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anticancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Focus on the Pharmacokinetic Targets

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Abstract

There is accumulating evidence for potential benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the treatment of cancer with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Relationships between exposure and response (efficacy/toxicity) have been established for several TKIs. For example, the pharmacokinetic targets for efficacy of imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib have been defined as trough plasma concentrations (C trough) of >1,000, >50 and >20,000 ng/mL for selected indications, respectively. Dose adjustment based on pharmacokinetic targets could therefore increase response rates and duration. Furthermore, with appropriate target concentrations defined, excessive side effects in patients using the current fixed dosing strategy may be prevented. This review provides a practical guideline for TDM for the currently approved TKIs at 28 February 2013. The focus of this article is on the elaboration of exposure and response relationships of TKIs with proposed pharmacokinetic targets, mainly C trough, and further on the interpretation of the pharmacokinetic targets with recommendations for dose titrations.

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  1. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louwesweg 6, PO Box 90440, 1006 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Huixin Yu, Cynthia M. Nijenhuis, Jos H. Beijnen & Alwin D. R. Huitema

  2. Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Neeltje Steeghs & Jan H. M. Schellens

  3. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Neeltje Steeghs, Jan H. M. Schellens, Jos H. Beijnen & Alwin D. R. Huitema

  4. Division of Drug Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Jan H. M. Schellens & Jos H. Beijnen

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Yu, H., Steeghs, N., Nijenhuis, C.M. et al. Practical Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anticancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Focus on the Pharmacokinetic Targets. Clin Pharmacokinet 53, 305–325 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-014-0137-2

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