Zusammenfassung
Durch gesetzliche Bestimmungen hat die Versorgung mit Ganztagbetreuungsmöglichkeiten im Kleinkindalter deutlich zugenommen. Beim Thema Mittagsschlaf bestehen sowohl auf Seiten der Betreuer als auch bei den Eltern erhebliche Unsicherheiten. Die Häufigkeit von Mittagsschlaf im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren scheint zu einem großen Teil von Umweltfaktoren wie beispielsweise der Einstellung von Eltern und Erziehern abzuhängen. Daher finden sich in diesem Alter auch sehr unterschiedliche Prävalenzen von Mittagsschlaf in verschiedenen Ländern. Ein Teil der Kinder scheint auch noch im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren hinsichtlich ihrer emotionalen und kognitiven Entwicklung vom Mittagsschlaf zu profitieren. Dabei kann eine Schlafdauer von ca. 45 min ausreichend sein. Kinder, die ihren Mittagsschlaf von sich aus aufgeben, scheinen von ihm kaum noch zu profitieren. Der Versuch, diese Kinder zum Mittagsschlaf zu zwingen, oder ein übermäßig langer oder später Mittagsschlaf kann sich ungünstig auf den nachfolgenden Nachtschlaf auswirken. Ein längerer ungestörter Nachtschlaf scheint wichtiger für die Entwicklung zu sein als ein langer Mittagsschlaf. Daher sollten Kinder nicht zu einem Mittagsschlaf gezwungen werden.
Abstract
Due to changes in legal regulation, the number of daycare facilities for children in Germany has increased in recent. There is uncertainty of dealing with regards to the benefit of napping in these facilities from the side of the caregivers and the parents. The prevalence of napping in children aged between three and six years depends mostly on environmental factors, such as the attitude of the caregivers and the parents. That’s why there are big differences in the prevalence of napping between countries. Some children of this age seem still to profit from extra sleep for their emotional and cognitive development. Just 45 min seem to be sufficient. Children who skip their nap seem not to need it anymore, because they don’t profit from it. To force these children to take a nap, a very long nap or a very late nap could result in sleep disturbances the following night. A sustained nighttime sleep is probably more important than a long nap.
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Kirchhoff, F. Der Mittagsschlaf im Kindergartenalter. Somnologie 20, 160–165 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-016-0080-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-016-0080-6