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Die Darm-Leber-Achse bei nichtalkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung: molekulare Mechanismen und neue Targets

The gut–liver axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular mechanisms and new targets

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Zusammenfassung

Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist mit weiter steigender Inzidenz die weltweit häufigste Lebererkrankung. Während Adipositas der wichtigste Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer NAFLD ist, demonstrieren aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten, dass neben genetischen Faktoren und westlicher Diät die Darm-Leber-Achse und besonders die intestinale Mikrobiota eine Schlüsselrolle während der Krankheitsprogression spielen. Eine ungünstige Komposition der Mikrobiota beeinflusst nicht nur den Leberstoffwechsel, sondern moduliert durch mikrobielle Moleküle und Metaboliten das inflammatorische Milieu in der Leber. Hier zeigen sich vielversprechende Regelkreise für die zukünftige Diagnostik und Therapie.

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the world’s most common liver disease and the incidence is continuously rising. While obesity is the most important risk factor for development of NAFLD, recent data show that in addition to genetic factors and western diet, the gut–liver axis and especially the intestinal microbiota play a key role during disease progression. An unfavorable composition of the microbiota not only affects liver metabolism, but also modulates the inflammatory microenvironment in the liver through microbial molecules and metabolites. A better understanding of these molecular circuits may unearth promising targets for future diagnostics and therapy.

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  1. Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Klinik III, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    Kai Markus Schneider &  Christian Trautwein

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K.M. Schneider und C. Trautwein geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Schneider, K.M., Trautwein, C. Die Darm-Leber-Achse bei nichtalkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung: molekulare Mechanismen und neue Targets. Gastroenterologe 15, 112–122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-019-00402-0

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