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Patient reported outcomes in gastroesophageal reflux disease: An overview of available measures

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Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common, chronic disorder. The main symptom of GERD is heartburn, although a diverse range of symptoms can be associated with the disease including acid regurgitation and epigastric pain. GERD is also a risk factor for Barrett’s oesophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The impact of GERD symptoms on patients’ lives can be profound and is unrelated to the presence or absence of esophagitis. The impact of GERD can be measured by assessing the patient perspective using Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs). There are two categories of questionnaires that can be used to measure the effect of GERD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), namely generic and disease or treatment specific. The use of PRO instruments has become more accepted in the assessment of disease treatment. Well-designed instruments that assess physical, psychological and emotional factors can provide clinicians with the data that will promote effective management decisions for the treatment of GERD. The most frequently used instruments in GERD are reviewed here, in terms of their psychometric properties.

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Abbreviations

COPD:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

DDMAC:

Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communications

ENRD:

endoscopy negative reflux disease

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GERD:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GORQ:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire

GERD-HRQL:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health Related Quality of Life Scale

GSRS:

Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale

GIQLI:

Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index

HRQoL:

health-related quality of life

MID:

minimum important difference

PRO:

Patient Reported Outcomes

PGWB:

Psychological General Well-Being Index

QoL:

quality of life

QOLRAD:

Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia

RDQ:

Reflux Disease Questionnaire

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Talley, N.J., Wiklund, I. Patient reported outcomes in gastroesophageal reflux disease: An overview of available measures. Qual Life Res 14, 21–33 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-0613-5

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