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Erfassung psychosozialer Belastungen in der onkologischen Routine-Praxis

Identifying psychosocial distress in routine practice

  • Leitthema
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Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Krebserkrankungen bringen eine Vielzahl von körperlichen, seelischen und sozialen Belastungen mit sich. Das onkologische Team ist herausgefordert, den Menschen in seiner Ganzheit zu begleiten. Die Integration der psychosozialen Betreuung in das Behandlungssetting wird heute als Standard bezeichnet. Dies bedingt eine Screening-Methode im onkologischen Team, damit Patienten mit Bedarf an Betreuung identifiziert werden können.

Ziel

Ziel ist die Beschreibung des Distress-Screenings als Teil des Distress-Managements in der onkologischen Routinepraxis, mit Diskussion und Anregungen zur Implementierung.

Material und Methoden

Selektive Literaturübersicht PubMed. Auseinandersetzung mit Forschungsergebnissen und Reflektion von Beobachtungen aus der Praxis.

Ergebnisse

Obwohl die psychosoziale Betreuung heute als Teil der onkologischen Routineversorgung bezeichnet wird, folgt die Umsetzung der systematischen Erfassung von Belastungen nur zögerlich. Das validierte Distress-Thermometer (in deutscher Sprache) des National Comprehensive Cancer Networks eignet sich zur Selbsterfassung der Belastungen. Die Implementierung eines Screenings erfordert die Klärung, wer, wann, bei wem, wie und wie oft das Screening vornimmt und was die Antworten auf die Resultate sein können. Die Machbarkeit der Integration des Distress-Screenings in der Praxis wurde bestätigt. Die Kommunikation wird dadurch gefördert und die Rolle der Pflegenden bereichert.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Screening-Methode zur Identifikation von Personen mit hoher Belastung mittels Distress-Thermometer in der onkologischen Routinepraxis scheint machbar und wirksam. Die Implementierung der Methode ist anspruchsvoll. Das Psychotherapie-Team kann seine Ressourcen für die Patienten mit hoher Belastung einsetzen, während die Mehrheit der Patienten mit moderater Belastung durch das onkologische Team betreut wird.

Abstract

Background

Cancer and its treatment are associated with a large variety of physical, psychological and social distress. The oncology team is challenged to provide patients with much more than medical and physical care. Although the integration of psychosocial care is seen as a standard today, the systematic assessment of psychosocial distress still seems to be neglected.

Objective

To describe distress screening as part of distress management in routine oncology practice and to discuss benefits and challenges of implementation.

Material and methods

A selective literature review was conducted in PubMed. Research findings were critically explored and observations from clinical practice and research were reflected.

Results

Although integration of psychosocial care in routine oncology practice is considered as standard today, the implementation of a systematic assessment of distress follows only hesitantly. The use of the distress thermometer (in German) developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network is recommended for screening. The implementation of screening as a program requires clarification on who, when, for whom, how and how often screening should take place and what the response to the results should be. The feasibility of a distress screening program in clinical practice was confirmed. It has been found to improve communication and to enrich the role of oncology nurses.

Conclusion

Screening for high degrees of distress in patients with cancer has been shown to be feasible and effective. For the oncology team the implementation remains challenging. The psycho-therapeutical team can direct its resources towards persons identified as having severe distress, while the majority of patients with moderate degrees of distress are cared for by the oncology team.

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Correspondence to A. Glaus PhD, MSc, RN.

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Interessenkonflikt

A. Glaus und P. Stolz-Baskett geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Glaus, A., Stolz-Baskett, P. Erfassung psychosozialer Belastungen in der onkologischen Routine-Praxis. Onkologe 22, 622–630 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-016-0056-y

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