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Das Querschnittsfach „Schmerzmedizin“

Chance für die Allgemeine Schmerzmedizin

Pain medicine as a cross-sectional subject in German medical schools

An opportunity for general pain management

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Obwohl Schmerzen der bei Weitem häufigste Grund sind, einen Arzt aufzusuchen, konnten Ärzte ihre Ausbildung abschließen, ohne sich mit Schmerz und Schmerzmanagement auseinandergesetzt zu haben. Die resultierende Unsicherheit ist vermutlich einer der Hauptgründe, weshalb eine angemessene Behandlung unterbleibt. Viele Patienten beklagen daher zu Recht eine Ignoranz seitens des medizinischen Personals gegenüber ihrem Leiden.

Problemstellung

Dem Anspruch auf Schmerzerfassung und der Sicherstellung der Therapie akuter und chronischer Schmerzen gebührt höchste Priorität. Die Angebote zur Zusatzweiterbildung „Spezielle Schmerztherapie“ und schmerzmedizinische Fortbildungen für entsprechend Interessierte konnten dies allein nicht erreichen. Jeder Arzt muss daher schmerzmedizinische Grundkenntnisse haben. Die Schmerzmedizin muss daher in den Curricula der medizinischen Fakultäten verankert werden. In Deutschland ist es 2012 gelungen, weltweit erstmals (mit Frankreich) die Schmerzmedizin durch Aufnahme in die ärztliche Approbationsordnung als Pflichtfach in der studentischen Lehre zu etablieren.

Ausblick

Die Änderung der Approbationsordnung ist eine Herausforderung für die Fakultäten, die curricularen und formalen Strukturen der Schmerzmedizin in der Lehre kurzfristig zu definieren und anschließend zu implementieren. Dieser Artikel berichtet über das Kerncurriculum Schmerzmedizin der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft und über erste praktische Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung dieses Curriculums in Modell-, Reform- und Regelstudiengängen.

Abstract

Background

Unrelieved pain is a substantial public health concern owing in part to deficits in clinical expertise among physicians. In most medical faculties worldwide, teaching on pain and pain management is either nonexistent or limited to a small number of students attending voluntary courses. In light of the fact that pain is the most frequent reason to seek medical advice, the lack of formal training of pain medicine is considered the leading reason for inadequate pain management. Therefore, the patients’ unmet needs for adequate diagnosis and therapy call for action.

Situation

Pain assessment and effective pain management should be a priority in the health care system. The limited number of pain specialists available in hospitals and primary care and CME (continuous medical education) activities focusing on pain are not sufficient to solve the problem. Every practicing physician should, therefore, have basic knowledge of the most prominent painful conditions and management strategies. To achieve this goal, pain medicine should become an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum for medical students. In Germany, pain medicine became a mandatory subject in undergraduate medical studies in 2012.

Perspective

The introduction of pain medicine into the undergraduate curriculum in Germany is a major challenge regarding the development and implementation processes. This article describes current instruments and implementation strategies for pain medicine as a new cross-sectional subject in Germany.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. A. Kopf, M. Dusch, B. Alt-Epping, F. Petzke und R.-D. Treede geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie m.S. Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12202, Berlin, Deutschland

    A. Kopf

  2. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    M. Dusch

  3. Klinik für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland

    B. Alt-Epping & F. Petzke

  4. Zentrum für Biomedizin und Medizintechnik Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    R.-D. Treede

Authors
  1. A. Kopf
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  2. M. Dusch
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  3. B. Alt-Epping
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  4. F. Petzke
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  5. R.-D. Treede
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Kopf.

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Für die Ad-hoc-Kommission Studienordnungen der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft e. V.

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Kopf, A., Dusch, M., Alt-Epping, B. et al. Das Querschnittsfach „Schmerzmedizin“. Schmerz 28, 405–413 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-014-1433-3

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