Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The outer choroidoscleral boundary in full-thickness macular holes before and after surgery—a swept-source OCT study

  • Retinal Disorders
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To report on choroidal thickness and the morphology of the outer choroidoscleral boundary in swept-source OCT in patients with full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) before and after surgery.

Methods

Single center matched case–control study of 32 patients with FTMH (group 1), fellow eyes (group 2), and 32 eyes of 32 healthy controls (group 3). All eyes from group 1 had vitrectomy with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Main outcome measures were the visibility and regularity of the outer choroidoscleral boundary (CSB), and additionally the eventual visibility of the suprachoroidal layer (SCL).

Results

Choroidal thickness was indifferent between groups. Choroidal thickness did not change after surgery (p = 0.1). CSB was visible in all cases. CSB was irregular in 59 % of eyes in group 1, in 40 % of eyes in group 2, and in any eye in group 3. SCL was visible in 34 % of eyes in group 1, and remained visible after surgery. In group 2, SCL was observed in 44 % of eyes, and in group 3 in one eye.

Conclusions

Choroidal thickness does not differ between eyes with FTMH and their fellow eyes and healthy controls. CSB is more often irregular and SCL is more often visible in eyes with FTMH and their fellow eyes than in healthy controls. In fellow eyes of FTMH, the visibility of SCL was observed more often in eyes with partial vitreous detachment (p = 0.0). Three months after surgery, choroidal thickness does not change, the irregularities of CSB and SCL remain visible. More frequent changes of the outer choroidoscleral boundary in FTMH, and especially in their fellow eyes, may suggest a role of the choroid in the pathogenesis of FTMH.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Reese AB, Jones IS, Cooper WC (1967) Macular changes secondary to vitreous tractions. Am J Ophthalmol 64:544–549

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ezra E (2001) Idiopathic full thickness macular hole: natural history and pathogenesis. Br J Ophthalmol 85:102–109

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tornambe PE (2003) Macular hole genesis: the hydration theory. Retina 23:421–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Morgan CM, Schatz H (1986) Involutional macular thinning: a pre-macular hole condition. Ophthalmology 93:153–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Aras C, Ocakoglu O, Akova N (2004) Foveolar choroidal blood flow in idiopathic macular hole. Int Ophthalmol 25:225–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozonni MC (2008) Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 146:496–500

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Reibaldi M, Boscia F, Avitabile T et al (2011) Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in idiopathic macular hole: a cross-sectional prospective study. Am J Ophthalmol 151:112–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zeng J, Li J, Liu R et al (2012) Choroidal thickness in both eyes of patients with unilateral idiopathic macular hole. Ophthalmology 119:2328–2333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schaal KB, Pollithy S, Dithmar S (2012) Is choroidal thickness of importance in idiopathic macular hole? Ophthalmologe 109:364–368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Fujiwara A, Shiragami C, Fukuda K, Nomoto H, Shirakata Y, Shiraga F (2012) Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness of epiretinal membrane and macular hole before and after microincision vitrectomy surgery. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 116:1080–1085

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Zawiślak E, Adelman RA, Nawrocki J (2014) Choroidal thickness measured with swept source OCT before and after vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Retina. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000350

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group (1991) ETDRS report number 7: EarlyTreatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study design and baseline patient characteristics. Ophthalmology 98(5Suppl):741–756

    Google Scholar 

  13. Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Nawrocka Z, Dulczewska-Cichecka K, Nawrocki J (2015) Suprachoroidal layer and suprachoroidal space delineating the outer margin of the choroid in swept-source optical coherence tomography. Retina 35:244–249

  14. Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Adelman RA, Nawrocki J (2010) Inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique for large macular hole. Ophthalmology 117:2018–2025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Dulczewska K, Nawrocki J (2013) Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in macular hole associated with pathological myopia. Retina 34:664–669

    Google Scholar 

  16. Michalewski J, Nawrocki J, Bednarski M, Michalewska Z (2014) Correlation of normal choroidal thickness and volume measurements with axial length and age using swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical low coherence reflectometry. Biomed Res Int (in press, ID 639160)

  17. Bronstein MA, Trempe CL, Freeman HM (1981) Fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol 92:757–761

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McDonnell PJ, Fine SL, Hillis AI (1982) Clinical features of idiopathic macular cysts and holes. Am J Ophthalmol 93:777–786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gordon LW, Glaser BM, Ie D, Thompson JT, Sjaarda RN (1995) Full-thickness macular hole formation in eyes with a pre-existing complete posterior vitreous detachment. Ophthalmology 102:1702–1705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Smiddy WE (1993) Atypical presentations of macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 111:626–631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lipham WJ, Smiddy WE (1997) Idiopathic macular hole following vitrectomy: implications for pathogenesis. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 28:633–639

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kimura H, Kuroda S, Nagata M (2005) Macular hole formation in postvitrectomized eyes. Retina 25:521–523

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. El Sanharawi M, Sandali O (2013) Macular hole and choroidal thickness. Ophthalmology 120:33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Blackburn J, McDwin G (2011) Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in idiopathic macular hole. Am J Ophthalmol 151:560–561

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Manjunath V, Taha M, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS (2010) Choroidal thickness in normal eyes measured using cirrus HD optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 150:325–329

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Barteselli G, Chhablani J, El-Emam S et al (2012) Choroidal volume variations with age, axial length, and sex in healthy subjects: a three-dimensional analysis. Ophthalmology 119:2572–2578

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. McCourt EA, Cadena BC, Barnett CJ et al (2010) Measurement of subfoveal choroidal thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 41:S28–S33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Shin JW, Shin YU, Lee BR (2012) Choroidal thickness and volume mapping by a six radial scan protocol on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 119:1017–1023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, Yasuno Y (2010) Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:2173–2176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Margolis R, Spaide RF (2009) A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 147:811–815

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yiu G, Pecen P, Sarin N, Chiu SJ, Farsiu S, Mruthyunjaya P, Toth CA (2014) Characterization of the choroid-scleral junction and suprachoroidal layer in healthy individuals on enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography. JAMA Ophthalmol 132:174–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Park HY, Shin HY, Park CK (2014) Imaging the posterior segment of the eye using swept-source optical coherence tomography in myopic glaucoma eyes: comparison with enhanced-depth imaging. Am J Ophthalmol 157:550–557

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest:

The authors have no financial interest to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmic Clinic “Jasne Blonia”, ul. Rojna 90, Lodz, 91-162, Poland

    Zofia Michalewska, Janusz Michalewski, Zofia Nawrocka, Karolina Dulczewska-Cichecka & Jerzy Nawrocki

Authors
  1. Zofia Michalewska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Janusz Michalewski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zofia Nawrocka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Karolina Dulczewska-Cichecka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jerzy Nawrocki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zofia Michalewska.

Additional information

All authors certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Michalewska, Z., Michalewski, J., Nawrocka, Z. et al. The outer choroidoscleral boundary in full-thickness macular holes before and after surgery—a swept-source OCT study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253, 2087–2093 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-015-2937-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-015-2937-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation