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Neue Antiosteoporotika am Horizont

Novel anti-osteoporotic drugs on the horizon

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Zusammenfassung

Das fortgeschrittene Wissen über die Knochenzellbiologie ermöglichte es in den letzten Jahren, molekulare Ziele im Knochenstoffwechsel zu identifizieren, die punktgenau therapeutisch angegangen werden können („druggable targets“). Osteoklasten werden über den RANK-RANK-Ligand-Signalweg und Osteoblasten über den Wnt-Signalweg reguliert. In beide Signalwege kann therapeutisch eingegriffen werden. Als Resultat werden entweder weniger (funktionierende) Osteoklasten oder mehr Osteoblasten gebildet, wird der Knochenabbau gehemmt oder der Knochenanbau gefördert. Osteoklasten resorbieren Knochenkollagen durch ihr Enzym Kathepsin K. Wird das Enzym unwirksam gemacht, geht diese Fähigkeit verloren. Da die Osteoklasten aber weiterhin in der Lage sind, den „cross-talk“ zu Osteoblasten aufrechtzuerhalten, wird die Knochenneubildung nicht reduziert. Das „parathormon-related protein“ spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der endochondralen Knochenneubildung. Ein synthetisches Analogon dieses Proteins dürfte somit eine potente knochenanabole Aktivität haben. Die Anwendung solcher neuartigen und hochwirksamen Therapieprinzipien wirft allerdings auch neue Fragen auf wie die nach Sequenztherapie, Therapiedauer, noch unabsehbaren Nebenwirkungen, unerwünschter Enthemmung von Stoffwechselwegen.

Abstract

In recent years the great progress in knowledge on bone cell biology has allowed identification of molecular structures that can be targeted with pinpoint precision (druggable targets). Osteoclasts are regulated via the RANK-RANK-ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway and osteoblasts via the Wnt signaling pathway, both of which can be influenced for therapeutic measures. As a result the number of (functional) osteoclasts can be decreased or the genesis of osteoblasts can be increased and bone resorption is inhibited or bone formation is enhanced, respectively. Osteoclasts degrade collagen through cathepsin K and inactivation of this enzyme stabilizes the bone matrix; however, as osteoclasts are still able to maintain a stimulatory cross-talk with osteoblasts, formation of new bone will not be reduced. Parathyroid hormone-related protein plays a role in endochondral ossification and a synthetic analogue of this protein may have potent bone anabolic activity; however, the use of such new and highly efficient therapeutic principles comes with new questions and uncertainties on the sequence of therapies, duration of therapy, long-term side effects, undesired activation of metabolic pathways and effectiveness in comparison to other strategies of fracture prevention.

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Correspondence to A. Knauerhase.

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A. Knauerhase ist als Referent für die Firma Amgen tätig. H.S. Willenberg ist als Referent für die Firma Amgen tätig.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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U. Lange, Bad Nauheim

G. Schett, Erlangen

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Knauerhase, A., Willenberg, H.S. Neue Antiosteoporotika am Horizont. Z Rheumatol 75, 466–470 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-016-0102-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-016-0102-6

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