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Delir

Eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung

Delirium

An interdisciplinary challenge

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Zusammenfassung

Das Delir, eine akute Verschlechterung kognitiver Funktionen und der Aufmerksamkeitsfähigkeit, ist die häufigste psychische Störung bei älteren Menschen. Die richtige Diagnose und ein adäquates Management sind für die weitere Gesundheit und Selbstständigkeit der Betroffenen entscheidend. Die Primärprävention dieses komplexen, potenziell lebensgefährlichen Problems umfasst das Erkennen der Risikopatienten, Vermeiden von Umgebungsstress und kausalen Faktoren, wie z. B. anticholinerge Medikamente, insbesondere bei kognitiv bereits kompromittierten Patienten, sowie ein rechtzeitiges Reagieren auf Prodromalsymptome. Eine kausale Therapie, d. h. die Behandlung der auslösenden Erkrankung und Beseitigung der mitverursachenden Situation, ist unumgänglich. Sie wird begleitet durch pflegerische und milieutherapeutische Maßnahmen sowie bei Bedarf durch eine antipsychotische und/oder sedierende symptomatische Therapie.

Abstract

Delirium, the acute deterioration of cognitive function and attention, is the most frequent mental disorder in elderly. Its correct diagnosis and adequate management are of crucial importance for the patient’s health and functional outcome. First of all, one has to be aware of the possibilities of preventing this complex, potentially life-threatening problem, which means recognizing the patient at risk, avoiding environmental stress and causal factors (i.e., anticholinergic medication) in cognitively impaired patients, and timely reaction to prodromal symptoms. Causal therapy (i.e., treatment of the causal condition and/or eliminating the precipitating situation) is imperative. It must be accompanied by nursing and environmental measures and, if necessary, by antipsychotic and/or sedating symptomatic treatment.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. T. Frühwald, M. Weissenberger-Leduc, C. Jagsch, K. Singler, S. Gurlit, W. Hofmann, B. Böhmdorfer und B. Iglseder geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to T. Frühwald.

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Frühwald, T., Weissenberger-Leduc, M., Jagsch, C. et al. Delir. Z Gerontol Geriat 47, 425–440 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-014-0613-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-014-0613-1

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