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Epidemiologie der Myopie

Epidemiology of myopia

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Myopie ist die häufigste Sehstörung im Kinder- und jungen Erwachsenenalter mit weiter steigender Tendenz. Obwohl Myopie erblich ist, können genetische Befunde nur einen Teil der Myopie und ihrer jüngsten Zunahme erklären. Epidemiologische Studien sind erforderlich, um das Auftreten des Krankheitsbildes zu erforschen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Verteilung und die Folgen der Myopieentwicklung und Myopieprogression werden vorgestellt. Prävalenz, Inzidenz und Progression der Myopie und die ökonomischen Konsequenzen werden beleuchtet.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine systematische PubMed-Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE.

Ergebnisse

Die globale Myopieprävalenz beträgt derzeit 28,3 % der Weltbevölkerung (2 Mrd.). Sie ist stark zunehmend. Im Jahr 2050 wird die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung von Myopie betroffen sein. Die Myopie tritt früher ein und weist einen Prävalenzpeak bei jungen Erwachsenen in Asien auf. Eine ähnliche Entwicklung findet bei der hohen Myopie statt. Maßnahmen zur Verlangsamung der Myopieentwicklung und Myopieprogression sind dringend erforderlich, da sich medizinische und sozioökonomische Nachteile für die Betroffenen und die Gesellschaft abzeichnen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Myopie ist bereits in Teilen der Welt ein omnipräsentes Phänomen. In Zukunft wird jeder zehnte Mensch ein relevantes, myopiebedingtes Risiko für Erblindung haben. Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung dieser Entwicklung haben noch keinen durchgreifenden Effekt.

Abstract

Background

Myopia is the most common cause for impaired vision in children and young adults with increasing tendency. Although myopia is hereditary, genetic findings do not explain the full extent of its recent increase. Epidemiologic studies are required to investigate the prevalence and incidence of this disease.

Objectives

The prevalence, incidence and progression of myopia with its economic impact are emphasized to review the distribution and consequences of the development and progression of myopia.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE.

Results

The global prevalence of myopia is currently 28.3 % and is dramatically increasing. In 2050, half of the world population will be affected. Myopia starts earlier and exhibits a peak prevalence in young Asian adults. High myopia indicates a similar development. Interventions to slow the development and progression of myopia are strongly required due to the medical and socio-economic drawbacks for the individuals and for society.

Conclusion

Myopia is already a ubiquitous phenomenon in some parts of the world. One out of ten persons will be at a relevant risk of becoming blind as a result of myopia in the future. Preventive measures have not shown sweeping success.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland

    S. Hopf &  N. Pfeiffer

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  1. S. Hopf
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  2. N. Pfeiffer
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Correspondence to S. Hopf.

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Interessenkonflikt

S. Hopf und N. Pfeiffer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Hopf, S., Pfeiffer, N. Epidemiologie der Myopie. Ophthalmologe 114, 20–23 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-016-0361-2

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