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Klinische Risikofaktoren der Myopieprogression

Clinical risk factors for progressive myopia

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Zusammenfassung

Im weltweiten Mittel liegt die Myopiehäufigkeit bei etwa 30%. Myopie wird traditionell eingeteilt in „Schulmyopie“ und „pathologische Myopie“. Weiterhin unterscheidet man fortschreitende Myopie und stationäre Myopie. Es besteht eine ausgeprägte Korrelation zwischen Myopiehäufigkeit und „Verstädterung und Ausbildung“. Risikofaktoren für eine Myopieentwicklung sind Naharbeit, wenig Aufenthalt im Freien, der Bau des Auges sowie genetische Risikofaktoren. Positiv beeinflusst werden kann die Myopieentwicklung durch eine periphere Fokussierung, vermehrte Lichtexposition und künftig evtl. auch pharmakologisch.

Abstract

The average worldwide frequency of myopia is approximately 30 % and is traditionally subdivided into school myopia and pathological myopia. A further distinction is made between progressive myopia and stationary myopia. There is a high correlation between the frequency of myopia and urbanization and training. Risk factors for development of myopia are close-up work, lack of outdoor activity, biometrical variables of the eye and genetic risk factors. Development of myopia can be positively influenced by peripheral focusing, increased exposure to light and in the future possibly pharmacologically.

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Danksagung

Ich danke Frau Dr. Andrea Hassenstein, Hamburg, für die Einladung zu diesem Übersichtsartikel, und Frau Dr. Marita Feldkaemper für Kommentare zum Manuskript.

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  1. Sektion für Neurobiologie des Auges, Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    F. Schaeffel

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  1. F. Schaeffel
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Correspondence to F. Schaeffel.

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__ ____

Das Manuskript benutzt eine Anzahl Abstracts, eingereicht für die jährliche Tagung der Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) in Ft. Lauderdale vom 6.–10. Mai 2012. Abstractnummern sind direkt im Text zitiert.

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Schaeffel, F. Klinische Risikofaktoren der Myopieprogression. Ophthalmologe 109, 738–748 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-011-2497-4

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