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The Nodosome: Nod1 and Nod2 control bacterial infections and inflammation

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Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing family (or Nod-like receptors, NLRs) are two important families of microbial sensors that are membrane-associated and cytosolic molecules, respectively. The Nod proteins Nod1 and Nod2 are two NLR family members that trigger immune defense in response to bacterial peptidoglycan. Nod proteins fight off bacterial infections by stimulating proinflammatory signaling and cytokine networks and by inducing antimicrobial effectors, such as nitric oxide and antimicrobial peptides. Nod1 is also critically implicated in shaping adaptive immune responses towards bacterial-derived constituents. In addition, recent evidence has demonstrated that mutations in Nod1 and Nod2 are associated with a number of human inflammatory disorders, including Crohn’s disease, Blau syndrome, early-onset sarcoidosis, and atopic diseases. Together, Nod1 and Nod2 represent central players in the control of immune responses to bacterial infections and inflammation.

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Acknowledgements

Research in the laboratory of S.E.G is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada. S.E.G is a Canadian Research Chair. I.T is supported by a fellowship from the Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti.

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6336, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ivan Tattoli, Leticia A. Carneiro & Stephen E. Girardin

  2. Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada

    Leonardo H. Travassos & Joao G. Magalhaes

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  1. Ivan Tattoli
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  2. Leonardo H. Travassos
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  3. Leticia A. Carneiro
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  5. Stephen E. Girardin
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Correspondence to Stephen E. Girardin.

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Tattoli, I., Travassos, L.H., Carneiro, L.A. et al. The Nodosome: Nod1 and Nod2 control bacterial infections and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 29, 289–301 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-007-0083-2

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