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Die Therapeutische Allianz

Teil 1: Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Konzepts und moderne Forschungsansätze

Therapeutic alliance

Part 1: Development of the concept and research paradigms

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Zusammenfassung

Ausgehend von frühen Konzeptionen der therapeutischen Allianz wird die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Konstrukts verfolgt. Es wird die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass seine Attraktivität in der Psychotherapieforschung vor allem von der Beziehung zum Therapieerfolg herrührt. Es gibt aber durchaus auch kritische Stimmen, denen die vorherrschende Auffassung zu positivistisch ist. Von einem Forschungsgesichtspunkt aus werden verschiedene Vorgehensweisen betrachtet, mit einer Zusammenfassung von Ergebnissen zur Perspektive der therapeutischen Allianz als Patienten- beziehungsweise therapeutenzentrierte Persönlichkeitsvariable, als Interaktions- oder Kommunikationsvariable. Da die therapeutische Allianz ursprünglich ein psychoanalytisches Konzept ist, und ihre Beziehung zur Übertragung ein immer wiederkehrendes Thema darstellt, wird auch hier diesem Aspekt besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Die Darstellung schließt auch den Versuch ein, den Stellenwert der therapeutischen Allianz in verschiedenen Therapierichtungen und verschiedenen therapeutischen Settings zu erfassen. Es werden häufiger verwendete Skalen beschrieben und Versuche, ihre Ähnlichkeit nachzuweisen, zusammengefasst. Auch die mit Hilfe dieser Skalen erreichten Aussagen über typische Verläufe von Allianz kommen zur Sprache.

Abstract

Starting from early conceptions of the therapeutic alliance, the development of the construct is traced. Our thesis is that its attractiveness for psychotherapy research is mainly due to its relationship to therapy outcome. There are, however, also critical comments from researchers, who consider the mainstream perspective as too positivistic. Considering them from a research point of view, different approaches are reflected, which summarize the results concerning the therapeutic alliance as a patient or therapist-oriented personality variable or rather as an interactional or communication variable. It is attempted to describe the impact of the therapeutic alliance in different forms and settings of therapy. Frequently used scales are described, including the results with regard to their similarity. Statements about the course of alliance over therapy and about potentially typical processes, which are based on results achieved by these scales, are discussed. As the therapeutic alliance originally stems from psychoanalysis and its relationship to transference evoked repeated discussions in the literature, this aspect is also focused on in this report.

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Hentschel, U. Die Therapeutische Allianz. Psychotherapeut 50, 305–317 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-005-0440-3

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