Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lifestyle, Ernährung, Sport und ihre Bedeutung für die Prävention hereditärer Krebserkankungen in der Gynäkologie

Lifestyle, nutrition, sport, and their importance in prevention of hereditary cancer in women

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Siebenunddreißig Prozent aller Krebserkrankungen in Deutschland sind auf einen ungesunden Lebensstil zurückzuführen und wären somit vermeidbar. Dieser beinhaltet eine zunehmende Rate an Adipositas, Bewegungsmangel und ungesunder Ernährung. Zusammen mit Alkoholkonsum und Nikotinabusus gelten diese Faktoren als wesentliche Einflussfaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Vielzahl an Krebserkrankungen insbesondere Brustkrebs. Ein Einfluss dieser Faktoren lässt sich selbst auf genetisch prädisponierte Frauen mit einer Keimbahnmutation in den Genen BRCA1 und BRCA2 übertragen. Die aktuelle Datenlage gibt Hinweise darauf, dass sogar Frauen mit einer BRCA1/2-Mutation ihr Erkrankungsrisiko durch körperliche Bewegung und normales Körpergewicht positiv beeinflussen können. Die LIBRE-Studie ist die weltweit erste prospektiv randomisierte Lebensstilinterventionsstudie für Trägerinnen einer BRCA1/2-Keimbahnmutation, die auf lange Sicht den Effekt einer Lebensstilumstellung auf Brustkrebsinzidenz, -prognose und -mortalität untersucht. Gezielte Prävention und die Erweiterung der Therapiemöglichkeiten für das hereditäre und das sporadische Mammakarzinom sind dahingehend die Fernziele dieser Arbeit.

Abstract

In Germany, 37% of all cancer cases are attributed to an unhealthy lifestyle and thus could be avoided. This unhealthy lifestyle is characterized by increasing rates of obesity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy nutritional behavior. These factors, together with alcohol consumption and nicotine abuse, are considered to be key factors in the development of a variety of cancer diseases, particularly breast cancer. Moreover, evidence suggests that even in women with an inherited predisposition to breast cancer as the result of a mutation in one of the BRCA genes, physical activity and normal body weight might result in a reduction of cancer risk. The LIBRE study is the first prospective-randomized lifestyle intervention study worldwide for carriers of a pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutation, aiming to investigate the impact of behavior modification on breast cancer incidence, prognosis, and mortality. Targeted prevention and additional treatment choices for hereditary and sporadic breast cancer are the main future objectives described in this work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1

Literatur

  1. Brenner H, Mons U (2019) Große Potenziale der Prävention. Dtsch Arztebl 116(4):A 132–133. https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/204788/Krebs-Grosse-Potenziale-der-Praevention

  2. Hillienhof A et al (2020) Deutschland bei HPV-Impfquoten weit zurückgefallen. Dtsch Arztebl. https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/110797/Deutschland-bei-HPV-Impfquoten-weit-zurueckgefallen

  3. Kuchenbaecker KB et al (2017) Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA 317(23):2402–2416

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Metcalfe K et al (2011) Predictors of contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Br J Cancer 104(9):1384–1392

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Kerr J, Anderson C, Lippman SM (2017) Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence. Lancet Oncol 18(8):e457–e471

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Salmena L, Narod S (2012) BRCA1 haploinsufficiency: consequences for breast cancer. Womens Health 8(2):127–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang M et al (2009) Prepubertal physical activity up-regulates estrogen receptor beta, BRCA1 and p53 mRNA expression in the rat mammary gland. Breast Cancer Res Treat 115(1):213–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kotsopoulos J et al (2005) Changes in body weight and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res 7(5):R833–43

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim SJ et al (2018) Prospective evaluation of body size and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Int J Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy039

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Manders P et al (2011) Body weight and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 126(1):193–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. King MC, Marks JH, Mandell JB (2003) Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 302(5645):643–646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2010) Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate: IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, No. 96

  13. Chen WY et al (2011) Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. JAMA 306(17):1884–1890

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bagnardi V et al (2015) Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 112(3):580–593

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lecarpentier J et al (2011) Variation in breast cancer risk with mutation position, smoking, alcohol, and chest X‑ray history, in the French National BRCA1/2 carrier cohort (GENEPSO). Breast Cancer Res Treat 130(3):927–938

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nkondjock A et al (2006) Diet, lifestyle and BRCA-related breast cancer risk among French-Canadians. Breast Cancer Res Treat 98(3):285–294

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. McGuire V et al (2006) No increased risk of breast cancer associated with alcohol consumption among carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations ages 〈50 years. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15(8):1565–1567

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dennis J et al (2011) Breast cancer risk in relation to alcohol consumption and BRCA gene mutations—a case-only study of gene-environment interaction. Breast J 17(5):477–484

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Moorman PG et al (2010) Evaluation of established breast cancer risk factors as modifiers of BRCA1 or BRCA2: a multi-center case-only analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 124(2):441–451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Cybulski C et al (2015) Prospective evaluation of alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 151(2):435–441

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Macacu A et al (2015) Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 154(2):213–224

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Grill S et al (2017) Smoking and physical inactivity increase cancer prevalence in BRCA‑1 and BRCA‑2 mutation carriers: results from a retrospective observational analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 296(6):1135–1144

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ko KP et al (2018) The association between smoking and cancer incidence in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Int J Cancer 142(11):2263–2272

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Pijpe A et al (2010) Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 120(1):235–244

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lammert J et al (2018) Physical activity during adolescence and young adulthood and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 169(3):561–571

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kiechle M et al (2016) Lifestyle intervention in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical feasibility trial (LIBRE‑1 study). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2:74

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Kiechle M et al (2017) Feasibility of structured endurance training and Mediterranean diet in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers—an interventional randomized controlled multicenter trial (LIBRE-1). BMC Cancer 17(1):752

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Kiechle M et al (2016) Effects of lifestyle intervention in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers on nutrition, BMI, and physical fitness (LIBRE study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 17:368

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinikum rechts der Isar, Frauenklinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    Marion Kiechle & Sabine Grill

Authors
  1. Marion Kiechle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sabine Grill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marion Kiechle.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

M. Kiechle und S. Grill geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

Additional information

Redaktion

G. Emons, Göttingen

M. Kiechle, München

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kiechle, M., Grill, S. Lifestyle, Ernährung, Sport und ihre Bedeutung für die Prävention hereditärer Krebserkankungen in der Gynäkologie. Gynäkologe 53, 756–760 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04662-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04662-8

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation