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„Home treatment“ für Menschen mit akuten psychischen Erkrankungen

Home treatment for people with acute mental illnesses

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Zusammenfassung

„Home treatment“ (HT) als Alternative zur stationären Akutbehandlung ist in Deutschland und der Schweiz noch wenig etabliert. Die Finanzierungssysteme standen bisher einer flächendeckenden Umsetzung entgegen. Die S3-Leitlinie „Psychosoziale Therapien bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen“ empfiehlt, Menschen mit schweren psychischen Störungen in akuten Krankheitsphasen in ihrem gewohnten Umfeld zu behandeln. Die Evidenz ist positiv, jedoch gibt es kaum aktuelle Studien aus Europa und differenzierte Indikationskriterien fehlen weitgehend. HT soll Behandlungen im stationären Setting reduzieren oder verkürzen. Das HT-Team ist mobil, multiprofessionell und rund um die Uhr verfügbar. Die Behandlungsdauer im HT sollte nicht länger als ein Aufenthalt in einer stationären Einrichtung sein. Das HT-Team übernimmt die „Gatekeeping“-Funktion für stationäre Behandlungen. In Zukunft braucht es neben strukturellen auch inhaltlich klare Definitionen. HT für Menschen mit akuten psychischen Erkrankungen muss gegenüber „assertive community treatment“ (ACT) und Case-Management abgegrenzt werden, die beide nicht auf die akute Phase begrenzt sind.

Abstract

Home treatment has been proposed as an alternative to acute psychiatric inpatient treatment. Health insurance systems in Germany and in Switzerland hinder the nationwide implementation of home treatment teams into mental health systems, although the German S3 guidelines for psychosocial treatments of severe mental illnesses recommend provision of acute care at home. Evidence for home treatment is positive, yet there are only few up-to-date studies from Europe and differential indication criteria are lacking. The aim of home treatment is to reduce inpatient bed-days by nonadmission or early discharge. Home treatment teams are mobile, interdisciplinary, and provide 24 h services. The average treatment length in home treatment should not exceed the duration of the inpatient treatment. The home treatment team usually takes the responsibility for the gatekeeping for inpatient treatment. Future research should focus on precise definitions of the structures and interventions of home treatment teams. Home treatment for severely mental ill patients should be distinguished from assertive community treatment and case management, which offer continuing rather than acute crises care.

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Abbreviations

ACT:

assertive community treatment

CM:

Case-Management

CMHT:

community mental health teams

CRT:

crisis resolution teams

HT:

home treatment

ICM:

intensives Case-Management

RCT:

randomised controlled trial

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Correspondence to U. Hepp.

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U. Hepp und N. Stulz geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Hepp, U., Stulz, N. „Home treatment“ für Menschen mit akuten psychischen Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 88, 983–988 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-017-0355-6

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