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„Time is brain“ bei der schubförmigen Multiplen Sklerose

Aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte in der Immuntherapie

“Time is brain” in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Current treatment concepts in immunotherapy

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz der diametral unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen, in denen sich die Krankheitsprozesse und -folgen bei der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) und beim ischämischen Schlaganfall manifestieren, zeigen sich konzeptionelle Parallelen zwischen beiden Erkrankungen, die für das Management der MS richtungsweisend sind: Entzündliche Erkrankungsaktivität und konsekutive Neurodegeneration führen zu potenziell irreversibler Gewebeschädigung und damit zu bleibender Behinderung. Dementsprechend sind eine frühzeitige Detektion von Erkrankungsaktivität und eine zeitnahe Intervention bzw. Therapieoptimierung ausschlaggebend für eine Verbesserung der langfristigen Prognose, was sich mit dem in der Akuttherapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls geprägten Begriff „time is brain“ griffig beschreiben lässt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Bei der MS beinhaltet ein „Time-is-brain“-Konzept den Wert einer frühen Immuntherapie nach Diagnosestellung sowie die Notwendigkeit eines sensitiven strukturierten Monitorings in Verbindung mit frühzeitiger Therapieoptimierung bei Nachweis von Krankheitsaktivität unter Therapie. Das übergeordnete Ziel der Therapie im gesamten Erkrankungsverlauf der MS ist dabei die bestmögliche und anhaltende Kontrolle jeglicher erfassbarer Krankheitsaktivität, insbesondere in der frühen Erkrankungsphase. Im Alltag kann die intersektorale Kooperation in regionalen MS-Netzwerken mit spezialisierten Zentren dazu beitragen, die verfügbaren hochwirksamen Medikamente mit ihren jeweils eigenen Nutzen-Risiko-Profilen optimal einzusetzen und damit die Aussicht auf eine langfristige Stabilisierung der Lebensqualität der MS-Patienten zu erhöhen.

Summary

Background

Despite highly divergent time scales of disease evolution in multiple sclerosis (MS) and ischemic stroke, clear analogies are apparent that may point the way to optimization of MS treatment. Inflammatory disease activity and neurodegeneration may induce potentially irreversible damage to central nervous system structures and thus lead to permanent disability. For the treatment of MS early detection of disease activity and early immunotherapy or treatment optimization are pivotal determinants of long-term outcomes. Such therapeutic concepts may be described with the catchy phrase “time is brain” as coined for the acute thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke.

Results and discussion

For MS a “time is brain” concept would comprise an early initiation of first line therapy as well as sensitive and structured monitoring of disease activity under therapy in conjunction with a low threshold for timely treatment optimization to achieve sustained freedom from measurable disease activity. This approach may substantially improve the long-term outcome in patients who show insufficient response to platform therapies. The intersectorial collaboration in regional MS care networks involving office-based neurologists and specialized MS centers may facilitate the timely use of highly active therapies with their specific benefit-risk profiles thus supporting sustained stabilization of patient quality of life.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. R.A. Linker erhielt Honorare für Referenten- bzw. Beratertätigkeiten von folgenden Firmen: Bayer, Biogen, Fresenius, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis und Roche Pharma. Er besetzt eine von der Novartis Stiftung für therapeutische Forschung unterstützte Stiftungsprofessur. B.-A. Kallmann war als Referent für die Firma Genzyme, Teva, Biogen, Merck Serono tätig und erhielt Beraterhonorare von den Firmen Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis. C. Kleinschnitz erhielt in den letzten 5 Jahren persönliche Zuwendungen als Referent und Berater und/oder Forschungsförderung von Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Biotronik, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Siemens, Teva Pharma. P. Rieckmann erhielt in den letzten 5 Jahren Honorare für Referenten- und Beratertätigkeiten von Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genpharm, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Siemens, Teva Pharma. M. Mäurer erhielt Honorare für Referenten- und Beratertätigkeiten von folgenden Firmen: Biogen, Böhringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Merck Serono, Genzyme, Sanofi-Genzyme, Talecris, TEVA, Novartis. S. Schwab erhielt Honorare für Referenten- und Beratertätigkeiten von folgenden Firmen: Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sanky, Novartis, Pfizer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland

    R. Linker & S. Schwab

  2. Neurologische Praxis und multiple sklerose zentrum Bamberg, Bamberg, Deutschland

    B.-A. Kallmann

  3. Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland

    C. Kleinschnitz

  4. Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum am Bruderwald der Sozialstiftung Bamberg , Bamberg, Deutschland

    P. Rieckmann

  5. Neurologie, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim gGmbH, Bad Mergentheim, Deutschland

    M. Mäurer

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  1. R. Linker
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  2. B.-A. Kallmann
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  3. C. Kleinschnitz
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  4. P. Rieckmann
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  5. M. Mäurer
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  6. S. Schwab
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Correspondence to R. Linker.

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Linker, R., Kallmann, BA., Kleinschnitz, C. et al. „Time is brain“ bei der schubförmigen Multiplen Sklerose. Nervenarzt 86, 1528–1537 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4439-x

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