Skip to main content
Log in

Adhärenz in der Psychopharmakologie

Psychotherapeutische Strategien zur Adhärenzförderung

Adherence to psychopharmacological treatment

Psychotherapeutic strategies to enhance adherence

  • CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung
  • Published:
Der Nervenarzt Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Wirksame und gut verträgliche Psychopharmaka stellen die Basis der Behandlung schwerer psychischer Erkrankungen dar. Trotzdem liegen deren Adhärenzraten nach einem Jahr nur bei rund 50 %. Der Begriff Adhärenz betont die gemeinsame Verantwortung von Behandler und Patient für eine erfolgreiche Therapie. Die Gründe für Nicht-Adhärenz sind vielfältig und umfassen neben unzureichender Wirksamkeit und dem Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen der Psychopharmaka vor allem patientenspezifische Faktoren wie Selbststigmatisierung, fehlende soziale und familiäre Unterstützung, kognitive Defizite oder Substanzgebrauch. Zur Verbesserung der Adhärenz ist es für Behandler und Patient wichtig, alle Gründe, die für oder gegen eine Medikamenteneinnahme sprechen, zu verstehen, bevor eine gemeinsame Entscheidung über die psychopharmakologische Langzeitbehandlung getroffen wird. Eine positive Adhärenzeinstellung wird entscheidend dadurch geprägt, ob die Medikamenteneinnahme dem Patienten hilft, seine persönlichen Ziele zu erreichen.

Summary

Effective psychopharmacological medication with good tolerability represents the cornerstone of treatment for severe mental illness; however, the 1-year adherence rates are only approximately 50 %. The term adherence emphasizes the collaborative responsibility of the clinician and the patient for a positive treatment outcome. Reasons for non-adherence are manifold and include patient-specific factors, such as self-stigmatization, lack of social and familial support, cognitive impairment and substance use besides insufficient effectiveness and the occurrence of side effects of the psychotropic drugs. To enhance adherence, both clinician and patient have to fully understand all the reasons for and against adherence to medication before a collaborative decision is made on future long-term treatment. A positive attitude towards medication critically depends on whether patients feel that the medication supports the attainment of the individual goals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L et al (2013) Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 382:951–962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Mcevoy JP et al (2005) Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 353:1209–1223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kahn RS, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H et al (2008) Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial. Lancet 371:1085–1097

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zivin K, Ganoczy D, Pfeiffer PN et al (2009) Antidepressant adherence after psychiatric hospitalization among VA patients with depression. Adm Policy Ment Health 36:406–415

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Demyttenaere K, Enzlin P, Dewe W et al (2001) Compliance with antidepressants in a primary care setting, 1: beyond lack of efficacy and adverse events. J Clin Psychiatry 62(Suppl 22):30–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sabaté E, World Health O (2003) Adherence to long-term therapies evidence for action. World Health Organization, Geneva

  7. Shuler KM (2014) Approaches to improve adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with schizophrenia. Patient Prefer Adherence 8:701–714

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Weiden PJ (2007) Understanding and addressing adherence issues in schizophrenia: from theory to practice. J Clin Psychiatry 68(Suppl 14):14–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Velligan DI, Weiden PJ, Sajatovic M et al (2009) The expert consensus guideline series: adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness. J Clin Psychiatry 70(Suppl 4):1–46 (quiz 47–48)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Velligan DI, Wang M, Diamond P et al (2007) Relationships among subjective and objective measures of adherence to oral antipsychotic medications. Psychiatr Serv 58:1187–1192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Brain C, Sameby B, Allerby K et al (2014) Twelve months of electronic monitoring (MEMS(R)) in the Swedish COAST-study: a comparison of methods for the measurement of adherence in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 24:215–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. George CF, Peveler RC, Heiliger S et al (2000) Compliance with tricyclic antidepressants: the value of four different methods of assessment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 50:166–171

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiden P, Rapkin B, Mott T et al (1994) Rating of medication influences (ROMI) scale in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 20:297–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lencer R (2011) When psychopharmacology is not enough: using cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for persons with persistent psychosis. Hogrefe Pub., Cambridge, Mass.

  15. Kirson NY, Weiden PJ, Yermakov S et al (2013) Efficacy and effectiveness of depot versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: synthesizing results across different research designs. J Clin Psychiatry 74:568–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Leucht C, Heres S, Kane JM et al (2011) Oral versus depot antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia–a critical systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised long-term trials. Schizophr Res 127:83–92

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thompson C, Peveler RC, Stephenson D et al (2000) Compliance with antidepressant medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care: a randomized comparison of fluoxetine and a tricyclic antidepressant. Am J Psychiatry 157:338–343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bäuml J, Pitschel-Walz G, Volz A et al (2007) Psychoeducation in schizophrenia: 7-year follow-up concerning rehospitalization and days in hospital in the Munich Psychosis Information Project Study. J Clin Psychiatry 68:854–861

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lincoln TM, Wilhelm K, Nestoriuc Y (2007) Effectiveness of psychoeducation for relapse, symptoms, knowledge, adherence and functioning in psychotic disorders: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 96:232–245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cunningham Owens DG, Carroll A, Fattah S et al (2001) A randomized, controlled trial of a brief interventional package for schizophrenic out-patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 103:362–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Beck EM, Cavelti M, Kvrgic S et al (2011) Are we addressing the ‚right stuff‘ to enhance adherence in schizophrenia? Understanding the role of insight and attitudes towards medication. Schizophr Res 132:42–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hamann J, Loh A, Kasper J et al (2006) Partizipative Entscheidungsfindung. Implikationen des „shared decision making“ für Psychiatrie und Neurologie. Nervenarzt 77:1071–1076

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Turkington D, Kingdon D, Weiden PJ (2006) Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 163:365–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Uhlmann C, Kaehler J, Harris MS et al (2014) Negative impact of self-stigmatization on attitude toward medication adherence in patients with psychosis. J Psychiatr Pract 20:405–410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yogaratnam J, Biswas N, Vadivel R et al (2013) Metabolic complications of schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications–an updated review. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 23:21–28

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. R. Lencer und D. Korn geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Lencer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lencer, R., Korn, D. Adhärenz in der Psychopharmakologie. Nervenarzt 86, 637–648 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4275-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-4275-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation