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Achtsamkeitsbasierte Psychotherapie

Mindfulness-based psychotherapy

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Zusammenfassung

Achtsamkeitsbasierte Psychotherapie hat ihre Ursprünge in der fernöstlichen Meditationskultur. Im psychotherapeutischen Kontext fokussieren achtsamkeitsbasierte Konzepte als störungsübergreifende modulare Komponenten einerseits auf die Verbesserung der Akzeptanz unangenehmer Lebensumstände und Emotionen, andererseits auf die Verbesserung der „metakognitiven Wahrnehmung“, d. h. der emotionsfreien Beobachtung intrapsychischer Prozesse. Derzeit liegen 5 ausgearbeitete achtsamkeitsbasierte Konzepte vor, jedoch mit unterschiedlichem Wirksamkeitsnachweis: Während etwa die „mindfulness-based cognitive therapy“ (MBCT) in der Rückfallprophylaxe der rezidivierenden Depression als wirksam eingestuft werden kann, sind für die weit verbreitete „mindfulness-based stress reduction“ (MBSR) lediglich geringgradige Effekte nachgewiesen. Zusammenfassend zeigt die Datenlage, dass Achtsamkeit als Baustein einer modular konzeptionalisierten Psychotherapie sinnvoll und wirksam sein kann.

Summary

Mindfulness-based psychotherapy is rooted in the Far East meditation culture. In the context of psychotherapy mindfulness-based treatment programs mostly include mindfulness as modular components aiming at acceptance of aversive circumstances or emotions and on improvement of metacognitive awareness. Currently there are five mindfulness-based concepts with different proof of effectiveness: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) can be classified as effective in reducing the risk of relapse in patients with recurrent depression, whereas the popular mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) reveals only small effect sizes. In summary, mindfulness used as one component in modular conceptualized treatment programs seems to be both acceptable and effective.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Vorstand DDBT (Deutscher Dachverband DBT), wissenschaftliche Kooperation mit Linehan [9].

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  1. Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Postfach 122120, 68072, Mannheim, Deutschland

    M. Bohus

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  1. M. Bohus
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Correspondence to M. Bohus.

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Bohus, M. Achtsamkeitsbasierte Psychotherapie. Nervenarzt 83, 1479–1489 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3555-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3555-0

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