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„Default-mode“-Netzwerk des Gehirns

Neurobiologie und klinische Bedeutung

Default mode network of the brain

Neurobiology and clinical significance

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Zusammenfassung

Der Ruhezustand des menschlichen Gehirns ist durch die intrinsische Aktivität des „Default-mode“-Netzwerks (DMN), das sowohl kortikale Mittellinienstrukturen als auch laterale parietale und temporale Anteile umfasst, geprägt. Dieses System ist während des selbstorientierten Denkens, wie z. B. im Ruhezustand, aktiv, während eines weltorientierten Bewusstseinszustands, wie z. B. während externaler Aufmerksamkeit und spezifischer kognitiver Aufgaben, jedoch in seiner Aktivität gemindert. Ausgehend von der historischen und methodischen Entwicklung des DMN-Modells beschreibt der vorliegende Übersichtsbeitrag zunächst die funktionelle Anatomie und potenzielle Funktionen dieses neuralen Systems. Im Anschluss werden, basierend auf der aktuellen Datenlage, die klinischen Implikationen einer gestörten Netzwerkstruktur beleuchtet und die Rolle des DMN bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungen aufgezeigt.

Summary

The resting state of the human brain is intrinsically organized by the so-called default mode network (DMN) which comprises cortical midline structure as well as lateral parietal and temporal areas. The activity of this system increases during self-oriented thinking, e.g. during a resting state but decreases during externally oriented attention and specific cognitive tasks. This review article provides a historical and methodological outline of the DMN model and describes its functional anatomy and putative functions. Based on the empirical literature the clinical implications of alterations of the DMN architecture and its role in various mental disorders are discussed.

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  1. Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    A. Otti, A. Wohlschläger, C. Zimmer & C. Sorg

  2. Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    A. Otti

  3. Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    H. Gündel & M. Noll-Hussong

  4. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    C. Sorg

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  1. A. Otti
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Otti, A., Gündel, H., Wohlschläger, A. et al. „Default-mode“-Netzwerk des Gehirns. Nervenarzt 83, 16–24 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-011-3307-6

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