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Funktionelle MRT bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie

Neurale Korrelate von Symptomen, Kognition und Emotion

Functional nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in patients with schizophrenia

Neural correlates of symptoms, cognition and emotion

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Zusammenfassung

Bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie ist eine Vielzahl mentaler Prozesse gestört. Deren Korrelate können mit funktionell bildgebenden Techniken (v. a. funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie, fMRT) lokalisiert werden. Nach grundsätzlichen Ausführungen zum konzeptuellen und methodischen Hintergrund der funktionellen Bildgebung wird an ausgewählten Beispielen gezeigt, welche Hirnareale an psychopathologischen Symptomen wie akustischen Halluzinationen, Wahn, formalen Denkstörungen, u.a., beteiligt sind. Weiterhin werden die an kognitiven Dysfunktionen beteiligten zentralnervösen Funktionskreise bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie beschrieben, auch in Abhängigkeit vom Genotyp und Medikamentenstatus. Die funktionelle Bildgebung bietet dem Fach der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie die einzigartige Chance, geistige mit neuralen Prozessen in Beziehung zu setzen.

Summary

In patients with schizophrenia, numerous mental processes are impaired, which can be related to brain systems using functional imaging methods (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI). In this review the methodological and conceptual background of fMRI will first be discussed. Secondly, the cerebral networks involved in important symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions and formal thought disorders will be outlined. Furthermore, the pathways of the central nervous system involved in cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia will be described also in the dependence on genotype and medicinal status. Functional imaging methods provide psychiatry and psychotherapy with the unique opportunity to correlate mental processes and dysfunctions with neural networks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland

    T. Kircher & D. Leube

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    U. Habel

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  1. T. Kircher
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Correspondence to T. Kircher.

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Kircher, T., Leube, D. & Habel, U. Funktionelle MRT bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie. Nervenarzt 80, 1103–1116 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-009-2814-1

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