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Lysosomale Speicherkrankheiten

Pathogenese, Symptomatik und Therapie

Lysosomal storage disorders

Pathogenesis, symptoms and therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Lysosomen haben die Aufgabe, komplexe Makromoleküle in ihre einfachen Bausteine zu zerlegen. Dieser Abbau erfolgt mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl von Hydrolasen, die jeweils auf ein bestimmtes Substrat spezialisiert sind. Bei einem genetisch bedingten Defekt eines lysosomalen Enzyms reichern sich die Substanzen an, die nicht abgebaut werden können, es kommt zur Funktionsstörung unterschiedlicher Organsysteme. Nicht nur unter den verschiedenen Speicherkrankheiten, sondern auch innerhalb eines Gendefekts besteht eine große klinische Variabilität, wodurch die Diagnosefindung erschwert wird. Während bis vor kurzem für die Betroffenen nur symptomatische Maßnahmen zur Behandlung von Komplikationen zur Verfügung standen, wurde jetzt für wenige lysosomale Speicherkrankheiten eine Enzymersatztherapie entwickelt. Die Substratreduktion stellt eine andere Behandlungsoption dar.

Abstract

Lysosomes are cell organelles whose function is to break down complex macromolecules into small fragments. The degradation is accomplished by a large number of hydrolases each being individually specialized for digestion of a specific substrate. A genetic defect of one single enzyme leads to an accumulation of substances which cannot be degraded resulting in the functional disturbance of various organ systems. A striking clinical variability is seen not only between different lysosomal storage disorders but also within one gene defect which hampers the clinical diagnosis. Until recently management consisted solely of supportive care and treatment of complications, but for a few lysosomal storage disorders preparations for enzyme replacement therapy have now been developed. Substrate reduction therapy represents another therapeutic option.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der Autor erhielt ein Beraterhonorar und Unterstützung von Forschungsprojekten von Genzyme, Shire, Actelion und Biomarin.

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Correspondence to M. Beck.

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Beck, M. Lysosomale Speicherkrankheiten. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 159, 821–826 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-011-2445-z

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