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Komorbidität bei Psoriasis vulgaris

Comorbidity in psoriasis

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Zusammenfassung

Psoriasis ist eine chronisch entzündliche Systemerkrankung mit assoziierten Begleiterkrankungen, die als Komorbidität der Psoriasis bezeichnet werden. Bis heute gibt es zahlreiche epidemiologische Studien, die den Zusammenhang von Psoriasis mit der seit Langem bekannten Psoriasisarthritis, aber auch mit kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Erkrankungen belegen. Weiterhin können Zusammenhänge mit Adipositas und psychischen Begleiterkrankungen wie Depression und Angststörungen nachgewiesen werden, die ebenfalls eine zentrale Bedeutung im Management der Erkrankung spielen. Die Assoziation von Psoriasis und ihrer Komorbidität kann teilweise durch eine gemeinsame genetische und pathogenetische Basis erklärt werden. Insgesamt sind heute ca. 40 Psoriasis-assoziierte Loci bekannt, die v. a. mit dem angeborenen und erworbenen Immunsystem zusammenhängen und sich in einigen Bereichen mit Begleiterkrankungen, wie z. B. der Psoriasisarthritis, überlappen. Pathomechanistisch lässt sich ein Zusammenhang der systemischen Entzündungsreaktion mit der Entwicklung von Begleiterkrankungen herstellen. Der „psoriatische Marsch“ ist ein Model, das die Entwicklung von metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen aufgrund dieser chronischen Entzündung erklärt. Der Hautarzt ist der zentrale Ansprechpartner in der Versorgung von Patienten mit Psoriasis, er sollte daher die Früherkennung und das Management der Komorbidität übernehmen. Managementkonzepte und Screeningbögen wurden in den letzten Jahren entwickelt, um den behandelnden Dermatologen im Alltag zu unterstützen.

Abstract

Psoriasis is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease associated with comorbidity. Many epidemiological studies have shown that psoriasis is associated with psoriatic arthritis as well as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, obesity and psychological diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders are linked with psoriasis and play a central role in its management. The association of psoriasis and its comorbidity can be partly explained by genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms. Approximately 40 psoriasis susceptibility loci have been described with the majority linked to the innate and adaptive immune system. In some associated diseases, such as psoriatic arthritis, an overlap of their genetic susceptibility exists. Pathophysiologically the “psoriatic march” is a model that describes the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of underlying systemic inflammation. Dermatologists are the gatekeepers to treatment for patients with psoriasis. The early detection and the management of comorbidity is part of their responsibility. Concepts for the management of psoriasis and tools to screen for psoriatic comorbidity have been developed in order to support dermatologists in daily practice.

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Correspondence to S. Gerdes.

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S. Gerdes, U. Mrowietz und W.‑H. Boehncke geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Gerdes, S., Mrowietz, U. & Boehncke, WH. Komorbidität bei Psoriasis vulgaris. Hautarzt 67, 438–444 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-016-3805-3

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