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Auswirkungen von Extremwetterereignissen auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen

Extreme weather events and their impact on the mental health of children and adolescents

  • Leitthema
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Im Zuge des Klimawandels ist in Deutschland eine Zunahme von meteorologischen Extremwetterereignissen (EWE), wie Starkniederschlag und Überschwemmungen, zu beobachten. Schwerwiegende EWE können starke Ängste hervorrufen und traumatische Erlebnisse darstellen. Diese Traumata und anhaltender Stress im längeren Verlauf nach dem Ereignis können Ursache für negative psychische Gesundheitsauswirkungen sein. Kinder und Jugendliche gelten als vulnerable Gruppe, da ihnen weniger Bewältigungsstrategien als Erwachsenen zur Verfügung stehen und sie stark von ihrer Umwelt abhängig sind.

Der vorliegende narrative Übersichtsbeitrag soll die Prävalenzen von psychischen Erkrankungen nach einem EWE und die in diesem Zusammenhang stehenden Risikofaktoren zusammenfassen, um aussagekräftige Rückschlüsse auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ziehen zu können. Dafür wurde die vorhandene Literatur aus der WHO-Region Europa sowie aus Ländern mit einem ähnlichen Einkommensniveau (u. a. Kanada, Australien, USA) berücksichtigt. Da Überschwemmungen und Starkniederschlag in Deutschland die am häufigsten auftretenden EWE sind, wurde auf diese der Schwerpunkt gelegt.

Nach EWE ist ein Anstieg von Angststörungen, depressiven Symptomen, posttraumatischem Belastungsstress und Verhaltensstörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu beobachten. Die Literatur gibt jedoch wenig Aufschluss darüber, wie hoch die Prävalenz solcher psychischen Gesundheitseffekte infolge von EWE und deren Auswirkungen ist und welche Risikofaktoren dabei von Bedeutung sind. Es gibt somit international und insbesondere in Deutschland noch erheblichen Forschungsbedarf.

Abstract

As part of climate change, a rise in meteorological extreme weather events (EWE) like heavy precipitation and flooding can be observed in Germany. Severe extreme events can evoke great fear and pose a risk for traumatization. These traumas and the sustained stress caused by the event may result in adverse psychological health effects. Children and adolescents represent a vulnerable group due to the fact that they hold less coping strategies than adults and are strongly dependent on their environment.

This narrative overview intends to summarise the prevalence of mental illness after an EWE and the related risk factors in order to draw meaningful conclusions about the mental health of children and adolescents in Germany. Therefore, existing literature from the WHO European region and from countries with a similar income level (e.g. Canada, Australia, USA) was taken into account. Since floods and heavy precipitation are the most frequent EWE in Germany, the focus was placed on them.

An increase in anxiety disorders, depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress and behavioural disorders can be observed in children and adolescents after an EWE. The literature provides little information on the prevalence of such mental health effects as a result of EWEs and their effects, and which risk factors are of importance. There is thus still considerable need for research internationally and especially in Germany.

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Correspondence to Viola Mambrey.

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V. Mambrey, I. Wermuth und S. Böse-O’Reilly geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Mambrey, V., Wermuth, I. & Böse-O’Reilly, S. Auswirkungen von Extremwetterereignissen auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 62, 599–604 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-02937-7

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