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Epigenetic regulation of ASC/TMS1 expression: potential role in apoptosis and inflammasome function

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Abstract

Cloning studies have revealed that the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein possessing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC) and the target of methylation-induced silencing-1 (TMS) are identical proteins. ASC/TMS1 is a bipartite adaptor protein containing the N-terminal pyrin domain and the C-terminal caspase-recruitment domain. There is abundant literature on ASC/TMS1, mostly under the name TMS1, in the epigenetic regulation of apoptosis and carcinogenesis, whereas the abbreviation ASC has been adopted from studies on the assembly of inflammasomes and stimulation of inflammation. There is substantial literature emphasizing that there are common aspects in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation, which may be related to the function of ASC/TMS1. The region of the transcription start site of ASC/TMS1 gene contains a 600-bp-long CpG island that is highly methylated and the transcription of ASC/TMS1 is repressed in several cancers. However, it is not known whether the ASC/TMS1-dependent epigenetic regulation controls the inflammasome functions and moreover whether this regulation has any role in the inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis or in the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative diseases. We will examine the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of ASC/TMS1 as well as their significance in the coordination of apoptosis and inflammasome functions. We will also review the role of aberrant methylation of ASC/TMS1 promoter in the function of inflammasomes, a major host defense system, in cellular housekeeping and carcinogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by grants from the Academy of Finland, VTR funding from Kuopio University Hospital, and strategic funding for UEFBRAIN consortium from the University of Eastern Finland. The authors thank Dr. Ewen MacDonald for checking the language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Antero Salminen & Mikko Hiltunen

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Anu Kauppinen & Kai Kaarniranta

  3. Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Antero Salminen & Mikko Hiltunen

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Anu Kauppinen & Kai Kaarniranta

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  1. Antero Salminen
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  4. Kai Kaarniranta
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Correspondence to Antero Salminen.

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Salminen, A., Kauppinen, A., Hiltunen, M. et al. Epigenetic regulation of ASC/TMS1 expression: potential role in apoptosis and inflammasome function. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 1855–1864 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1524-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1524-9

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